Interferon beta (IFN-β) has been shown in several clinical trials to have efficacy in MS. Its
mechanism of action, however, remains unclear. In this review, several biological activities of …

HLA-G is a major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule whose constitutive tissue
distribution is restricted mainly to trophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface during …

Initiation of adaptive mucosal immunity occurs in organized mucosal lymphoid tissues such
as Peyer’s patches of the small intestine. Mucosal lymphoid follicles are covered by a …

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vasculopathy characterized by
enhanced pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and suppressed …

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, where epithelial
defects drive, at least in part, some of the pathology. We reconstituted human intestinal …

The relevance of astrogliosis remains controversial, especially with respect to the beneficial
or detrimental influence of reactive astrocytes on CNS recovery. This dichotomy can be …

Ecalectin/galectin-9 was recently described as a novel eosinophil chemoattractant highly
expressed in immune tissues. We investigated the regulation of galectin-9 expression and …

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive proliferation
of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). This is sustained in time by the down-…

TNF-alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in many inflammatory conditions such as
Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cachexia, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis (MS). TNF-…

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease with limited
therapeutic options. Although exposed to stressful conditions, pulmonary artery (PA) smooth …