Background. Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms
and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease …

Background. Almost one-fifth of United States tuberculosis cases are extrapulmonary;
unexplained slower annual case count decreases have occurred in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (…

This paper describes an action framework for countries with low tuberculosis (TB) incidence
(<100 TB cases per million population) that are striving for TB elimination. The framework …

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses
to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of …

ContextIdentifying persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is crucial to the goal of
TB elimination. A whole-blood interferon γ (IFN-γ) assay, the QuantiFERON-TB test, is a …

Mycobacterium bovis and closely associated acid-fast bacilli cause disease in humans.
Epidemiologic investigations reveal that the organism may be ingested or inhaled. Extra …

Patients receiving anti–tumor necrosis factor-α (anti–TNF-α) therapy are at increased risk for
tuberculosis and other granulomatous diseases, but little is known about illness caused by …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is recognised as the primary cause of human tuberculosis
worldwide. However, substantial evidence suggests that the burden of Mycobacterium bovis, the …

Preventing tuberculosis (TB) by treating latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is
a cornerstone of the US strategy for TB elimination (1,2). Three randomized controlled trials …

Isoniazid is an efficacious treatment for latent tuberculosis. Concerns remain, however,
regarding hepatotoxicity associated with this medication. In addition, adherence may be …