The healthy lung has previously been considered to be a sterile organ because standard
microbiological culture techniques consistently yield negative results. However, culture-…

Respiratory infections are a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. In recent years,
an increased incidence of multidrug‐resistant ( MDR ) Gram‐negative bacteria ( GNB ) has …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent comorbid condition associated
with increased morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the most common infectious disease …

East respiratory syndrome (MERS), were associated with similar clinical features and
outcomes. 2 One might anticipate that patients with chronic respiratory diseases, particularly …

… treatment failure was defined as radiographic progression (increase of ≥50% of pulmonary
infiltrates compared with baseline), persistence of severe respiratory failure (ratio of Pao 2 to …

Background In 2008, the first transplantation of a tissue-engineered trachea in a human
being was done to replace an end-staged left main bronchus with malacia in a 30-year-old …

Rationale: Sputum neutrophil elastase and serum desmosine, which is a linked marker of
endogenous elastin degradation, are possible biomarkers of disease severity and progression …

Background Patients with bronchiectasis have frequent exacerbations that are thought to be
related to neutrophilic inflammation. The activity and quantity of neutrophil serine proteases, …

Background Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been observed in the airway in
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their clinical and …

Rationale: Bronchiectasis is classically considered a neutrophilic disorder, but eosinophilic
subtypes have recently been described. Objectives: To use multiple datasets available …