Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained
by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of developmentally related cells that are involved
in immunity and in tissue development and remodelling. Recent research has identified …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are lymphocytes that do not express the type of diversified antigen
receptors expressed on T cells and B cells. ILCs are largely tissue-resident cells and are …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a detrimental neurodegenerative disease with no effective
treatments. Due to cellular heterogeneity, defining the roles of immune cell subsets in AD onset …

We have identified two cell subsets in human blood based on the lack of lineage markers (lin–)
and the differential expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript receptor 1 (ILT1) and …

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial surface receptor
that triggers intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Recent genome-wide association …

Natural killer (NK) cells are classically viewed as lymphocytes that provide innate surveillance
against virally infected cells and tumour cells through the release of cytolytic mediators …

The innate immune system recognizes viral dsRNA through two distinct pathways; the Toll-like
receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway detects dsRNA phagocytosed in endosomes; the helicases …

Human and mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells have been shown to correspond to a specialized
cell population that produces large amounts of type I interferons in response to viruses, …

Host innate responses to bacterial infections are primarily mediated by neutrophils and
monocytes/macrophages 1 , 2 . These cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that …