Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Every year, 1·8
million people are diagnosed with lung cancer, and 1·6 million people die as a result of the …

Purpose In this review, we highlight the current concepts and discuss some of the current
challenges and future prospects in cancer therapy. We frequently use the example of lung …

Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumours harbour activating mutations
within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) frequently derive significant clinical …

Background Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune-checkpoint–inhibitor
antibody, disrupts PD-1–mediated signaling and may restore antitumor immunity. …

Background Patients with advanced squamous-cell non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
who have disease progression during or after first-line chemotherapy have limited treatment …

Background Erlotinib has been shown to improve progression-free survival compared with
chemotherapy when given as first-line treatment for Asian patients with non-small-cell lung …

Background Nivolumab has been associated with longer overall survival than docetaxel
among patients with previously treated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In an open-label …

Background Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR)
confer hypersensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib in patients with …

Background Most patients with locally advanced, unresectable, non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
have disease progression despite definitive chemoradiotherapy (chemotherapy …

Background Standard first-line therapy for metastatic, squamous non–small-cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) is platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab (for patients with …