Renal 25–hydroxyvitamin D 3 1α-hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase] catalyzes metabolic activation of
25–hydroxyvitamin D 3 into 1α,25–dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], an active form of …

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (MLBCL) are
lymphoid malignancies with certain shared clinical, histologic, and molecular features. Primary …

Environmental contaminants affect a wide variety of biological events in many species. Dioxins
are typical environmental contaminants that exert adverse oestrogen-related effects 1 . …

Goblet-cell hyperplasia is a critical pathological feature in hypersecretory diseases of airways.
However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, and no effective therapy exists. Here …

Tumors undergo fast neovascularization to support the rapid proliferation of cancer cells.
Vasculature in tumors, unlike that in wound healing, is immature and affects the tumor …

Goblet cell metaplasia and mucus hypersecretion are important features in the pathogenesis
of asthma. The cytokine IL-4 has been shown to play a role in animal models of asthma, …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control cell proliferation, differentiation and fate through modulation of
gene expression by partially base-pairing with target mRNA sequences 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 . …

Histone modifications induced by activated signalling cascades are crucial to cell-lineage
decisions. Osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from common mesenchymal stem cells is …

Cancer cells exhibit many abnormal phenotypes that induce apoptotic signaling via the intrinsic,
or mitochondrial, pathway. That cancer cells nonetheless survive implies that they select …

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of airways.
Here we show that oxidative stress causes ligand-independent activation of epidermal …