Objective. —This article defines stress and related concepts and reviews their historical
development. The notion of a stress system as the effector of the stress syndrome is suggested, …

The stress system coordinates the adaptive responses of the organism to stressors of any
kind. The main components of the stress system are the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH…

The brain and the immune system are the two major adaptive systems of the body. During an
immune response the brain and the immune system “talk to each other” and this process is …

All organisms must maintain a complex dynamic equilibrium, or homeostasis, which is constantly
challenged by internal or external adverse forces termed stressors. Stress occurs when …

Celsus described four of the five cardinal signs of inflammation 2000 years ago, and Eustachio
discovered the adrenal glands almost 500 years ago, but not until 1936 did Selye note …

Stress precipitates depression and alters its natural history. Major depression and the stress
response share similar phenomena, mediators and circuitries. Thus, many of the features of …

In October 2002, a workshop was held in Ancona, Italy, to reach a Consensus on the
management of Cushing’s syndrome. The workshop was organized by the University of Ancona …

Recent evidence indicates that glucocorticoids and catecholamines, the major stress hormones,
inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)‐12, tumor …

Sleep apnea and associated daytime sleepiness and fatigue are common manifestations of
mainly obese middle-aged men. The onset of sleep apnea peaks in middle age, and its …

… Papanicolaou DA, Tsigos C, Torpy DJ, Defensor R, Thompson B, Chrousos GP. Serial
fasting lipid profile changes after a single injection of interleukin-6 in normal volunteers [Abstract]. …