The present document has been conceived as the European update to the American
College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/ESC 2006 Guidelines for …

The heart failure syndrome has first been described as an emerging epidemic about 25 years
ago. Today, because of a growing and ageing population, the total number of heart failure …

The ‘epidemic’ of heart failure seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of
heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction ( LVD ) in older adults, based on adequate …

The task of developing ESC Guidelines covers not only the integration of the most recent
research, but also the creation of educational tools and implementation programmes for the …

ESC Guidelines 2372 levels, once the guidelines have been endorsed by the ESC member
societies, and translated into the national language. Implementation programmes are …

ESC Guidelines 2721 the outcome of disease may be favourably influenced by the thorough
application of clinical recommendations. Thus, the task of writing guidelines covers not only …

comprehensive review of the published evidence for management of a given condition
according to ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) policy. A critical evaluation of …

Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the ‘HFA–PEFF …

Aims To establish the prevalence of unrecognized heart failure in elderly patients with a
diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in a stable phase of their disease. Methods …

Heart failure is a serious condition and equivalent to malignant disease in terms of symptom
burden and mortality. At this moment only a comparatively small number of heart failure …