Overwhelming evidence links inflammation to the pathogenesis of smoking-related
pulmonary diseases, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite an …

Formation of pulmonary tertiary immune structures is a characteristic feature of advanced
COPD. In the current study, we investigated the mechanisms of tertiary lymphoid tissue (TLT) …

Estradiol (E2) is a sex hormone which has been shown to be protective against sexually
transmitted infections such as herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). However, few studies have …

Emerging evidence suggests that autoimmune processes are implicated in the pathogenesis
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ). In this study, we assessed the …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a state of chronic
pulmonary inflammation punctuated by microbial exacerbations. Despite advances in treatment …

Rationale The accumulation of macrophages in the airways and the pulmonary interstitium
is a hallmark of cigarette smoke-associated inflammation. Notably, pulmonary macrophages …

Rationale Despite its increasingly widespread use, little is known about the impact of cannabis
smoking on the response to viral infections like influenza A virus (IAV). Many assume that …

Background Cigarette smokers are at increased risk of acquiring influenza, developing
severe disease and requiring hospitalisation/intensive care unit admission following infection. …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections, with nasal
colonization an important first step in disease. While cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for …

The upper respiratory tract is highly exposed to airborne pathogens and serves as an important
inductive site for protective antibody responses, including mucosal IgA and systemic IgG. …