Background: Insulin, growth hormone (GH), and growth factors (insulin-like growth factors [IGFs]
and their binding proteins [IGFBPs]) are known to influence fetal growth and also the …

Rare variants in the T-box transcription factor 4 gene (TBX4) have recently been recognised
as an emerging cause of paediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). Their pathophysiology …

Background The importance of lung recruitment before surfactant administration has been
shown in animal studies. Well designed trials in preterm infants are absent. We aimed to …

Objective To compare short‐term application of nasal high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV)
with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). Working Hypothesis …

A possible consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
infection is the development of an exacerbated thrombophilic status, and cerebral venous …

Pediatric diffuse lung diseases are rare disorders with an onset in the neonatal period or in
infancy, characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and diffuse interstitial changes on …

A very low birth weight premature newborn developed a sudden cardiac tamponade due to
parenteral fluid extravasation 1 month after central line insertion. Besides tensive pericardial …

Background Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis (CSHRH), also called Hashimoto-Pritzker
disease, is a rare and benign variant of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, characterized …

OBJECTIVE Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct metabolite of ethanol and is widely accepted
as a reliable biomarker for the assessment of gestational consumption when measured in …

The effectiveness of “inadequate” intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP administered < 4 h
prior to delivery) in preventing early-onset sepsis (EOS) is debated. Italian prospective …