In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations are generally associated
with several causes, including pollutants, viruses, bacteria that are responsible for an excess …

In healthy subjects, the respiratory epithelium forms a continuous lining to the airways and to
the environment, and plays a unique role as a barrier against external deleterious agents to …

Multiciliated cells lining the surface of some vertebrate epithelia are essential for various
physiological processes, such as airway cleansing. Their apical surface is constituted by …

Multiciliated cells lining the surface of some vertebrate epithelia are essential for various
physiological processes, such as airway cleansing 1 , 2 , 3 . However, the mechanisms …

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are self-renewable and pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell
mass of a blastocyst-stage embryo. ES cell pluripotency is being investigated increasingly …

Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines can be expanded indefinitely in culture while maintaining
their potential to differentiate into any cell type [1, 2]. During embryonic development, the skin …

In numerous airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, the epithelium is severely damaged
and must regenerate to restore its defense functions. Although the human airway epithelial …

Cystic fibrosis (CF) at an advanced stage of the disease is characterized by airway epithelial
injury and remodelling. Whether CF remodelling is related to infection and inflammation or …

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MT1-MMP) is a membrane-anchored matrix
metalloproteinase (MMP) that is frequently associated with processes involving tissue …

Airway epithelial basal cells are known to be critical for regenerating injured epithelium and
maintaining tissue homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that the α7 nicotinic …