The type III secretion pathway is used by numerous Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to
deliver proteins within the membrane or the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells with which these …

The type III secretion (TTS) pathway is used by many Gram‐negative bacteria to inject virulence
proteins into cells of their host. The activity of the TTS apparatus is controlled by external …

OBJECTIVE: To inform policy-makers about introduction of preventive interventions against
typhoid, including vaccination. METHODS: A population-based prospective surveillance …

Epithelial cells are refractory to extracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS), yet when presented
inside the cell, it is capable of initiating an inflammatory response. Using invasive Shigella …

Diagnostic testing has become indispensable for diagnosing and monitoring disease, for
providing prognoses and for predicting treatment responses. 1, 2 Today, over 40 000 products …

Bacteria of Shigella spp. are responsible for shigellosis in humans. They use a type III secretion
system to inject effector proteins into host cells and induce their entry into epithelial cells …

This study describes the pattern and extent of drug resistance in 1,774 strains of Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhi isolated across Asia between 1993 and 2005 and characterizes the …

The seventh cholera pandemic has heavily affected Africa, although the origin and
continental spread of the disease remain undefined. We used genomic data from 1070 Vibrio …

Background The use of vaccines to prevent and control cholera is currently under debate.
Shanchol is one of the two oral cholera vaccines prequalified by the World Health Organization…

Background. From the time of CTX-M emergence, extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing
enterobacteria (ESBL-E) have spread worldwide in community settings as well as in …