Background: The Ashworth Scale and the modified Ashworth Scale are the primary clinical
measures of spasticity. A prerequisite for using any scale is a knowledge of its characteristics …

Background. The Tardieu Scale has been suggested a more appropriate clinical measure of
spasticity than the Ashworth or modified Ashworth Scales. It appears to adhere more closely …

Purpose Studies that investigate the impact of chronic cough have largely focused on patients
attending secondary care. Our aim was to investigate the opinions of the wider general …

Objective: To investigate the criterion validity of the modified Ashworth Scale. Population:
Volunteers from a stroke population admitted to a district general hospital stroke unit …

Background Physiotherapy, and speech and language therapy are emerging non-pharmacological
treatments for refractory chronic cough. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a …

Objective: To quantify agreement between three clinically usable methods of measuring
spasticity. Methods: Patients with a first stroke who had no useful functional movement in the …

To describe current patterns in the use of clinical scales and measurement tech nology for
the assessment of motor deficits in neurological rehabilitation. Question naire, sent to the …

Background Assistive products are items which allow older people and people with
disabilities to be able to live a healthy, productive and dignified life. It has been estimated that …

Objective: To investigate whether hippotherapy (when applied by a simulator) improves
postural control and balance in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Stratified single-blind …

Background and Purpose— Surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation (sNMES) after
stroke aims to improve upper limb function and reduce shoulder pain, but current evidence of …