Elective embolotherapy for recurrent hemoptysis was evaluated for its effectiveness. Forty embolotherapeutic procedures were performed in 30 patients. In the short term, complete hemostasis was achieved in 16 of 40 procedures (40%) and significant improvement in another 16 procedures (40%). Long-term, complete hemostasis was achieved in 14 of 34 procedures (41%) and significant improvement in 12 (35%). Embolotherapy was consistently more effective in patients who had no pleural abnormalities compared with those with pleural thickening. Long-term complete hemostasis was achieved in 7 of 10 procedures (70%) for the patients without pleural thickening and only 7 of 24 (29%) in patients with pleural thickening. Thus, pleural abnormalities negatively influence long-term effectiveness of embolotherapy.