Background: Although asthma control is a major outcome in disease management, little is known about its determinants.
Objectives: We sought to study the relationships between asthma control and patient characteristics or asthma management.
Methods: Asthmatic patients (age 18-50 years) who were regular customers of pharmacies and had a prescription for an antiasthma medication were recruited consecutively. Patients completed a questionnaire, which was complemented by computerized pharmacy records of previously dispensed medications. Asthma control (adequate/inadequate) was assessed with the Asthma Control Test. Determinants of asthma control were identified by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean age of the 1351 patients included was 36.8 years (SD, 9.8), and 55.8% were women. A minority of patients were considered to have had their symptoms adequately controlled. Smoking, female sex, and a body mass index of greater than 30 kg/m2 were all independent determinants of inadequate control. Compared with patients receiving inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy, those who were dispensed fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists presented with a significantly lower risk of inadequate asthma control (odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96).
Conclusion: Asthma control varied according to both the patients' characteristics and therapy.
Clinical implications: Our results strongly support the need to improve asthma control, especially in primary care and in women. A regular use of fixed controller combinations, helping patients to quit smoking, or addressing weight issues might contribute to improvement in asthma control.