Setting: Kibera, the largest slum in Nairobi, Kenya.
Objective: To determine the tuberculosis (TB) knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of private health care providers (PHCPs) to identify their training needs and willingness to participate in a National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Control Programme (NLTP) guided TB control effort in the slum.
Design and methodology: A cross-sectional survey. The KAP of PHCPs was assessed using an interviewer administered questionnaire.
Results: Of 75 PHCPs interviewed, the majority (96.0%) were paramedics; 51 (77.1%) did not consider sputum smear microscopy crucial in patients presenting with prolonged cough or when a chest X-ray was suggestive of TB; of 29 (38.7%) who indicated familiarity with the drugs used in TB treatment, 20 (58.5%) would have chosen the NLTP-recommended regimens for the treatment of the various types of TB; 16 (21.3%) PHCPs indicated that they treated TB, six (37.5%) of whom were not familiar with anti-tuberculosis drug regimens. All the PHCPs referred TB suspects to the public sector for diagnosis.
Conclusion: This study reveals a significant gap in TB knowledge among the PHCPs in Kibera slum. However, given appropriate training and supervision, there is potential for public-private mix for DOTS implementation in this setting.