Lung transplantation is associated with a high incidence of infection which directly impacts the morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. In addition, these infections may also have immunologic consequences that play a role in the evolution of lung injury syndromes, resulting in earlier loss of graft than otherwise would be expected to occur. Although bacteria are responsible for the majority of infections following lung transplantation, fungal infections are associated with the highest mortality. This paper is an overview of the major infectious complications encountered in the lung transplant population. The epidemiology, prophylaxis, and treatment of infections following lung transplantation are critical areas for continued research.