Chest
Original Research: COPDCan Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage 0 Provide Prognostic Information on Long-term Mortality in Men?
Section snippets
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In 1972, all healthy man aged 40 to 59 years from five companies in Oslo, Norway were invited to a cardiovascular screening survey (n = 2,341), and 2,014 men (86%) consented to participate. The companies included Siemens AS (Oslo, Norway), and four organizations from the public sector (Norwegian Postal Services, Norwegian Telecom, Norwegian Customs and Excise, and Norwegian State Railways). The participants had to be free from known or suspected heart disease, drug-treated hypertension,
RESULTS
Acceptable spirometric recordings according to our criteria were available in 1,623 of the 2,014 apparently healthy men, 84% of the 1,924 spirograms reviewed. The sample mean (SD) age was 49.8 ± 5.5 years, mean unadjusted FEV1 was 3.50 ± 0.75 L, and 43.4% were current smokers (Table 1). Advanced GOLD stages were associated with high rates of current smoking (Table 1). At the follow-up examination after on average 8 years (n = 1,423, 88% of the cohort), 6% of never-smokers had started smoking
DISCUSSION
In this study of working apparently healthy, middle-aged men, multivariate models show that GOLD stage 0 represents subjects with a better long-term prognosis than subjects in stages I, II, and III, with no significant excess long-term mortality than those without cough or phlegm. The relative prognosis between the stages depends on the number of covariates in the models. The novelty of this article is that the outcome is mortality, rather than a proxy such as transfer from GOLD stage 0 to
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