Daytime sleepiness and its evaluation

doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0191

Sleep Medicine Reviews

Volume 6, Issue 2, May 2002, Pages 83-96

https://doi.org/10.1053/smrv.2002.0191 Get rights and content

Abstract

Basic models of sleepiness, focusing on the homeostatic and circadian components of sleepiness, are able to predict important fluctuations of sleepiness. However, they fail in explaining certain sleepiness phenomena, as for instance in insomnia patients. To meet this shortcoming, modern models incorporate the arousal component of sleepiness, in addition to the sleep drive. While these models mainly concentrate on short-term changes in sleepiness, “state” sleepiness, there are indications that a stable characteristic level of sleepiness, “trait” sleepiness, is also an important determinant of a person's level of sleepiness. This leads to a conceptualization of sleepiness in which situational factors modify a basal level of sleep drive and arousal. It implies that sleepiness is not a unitary concept and can reflect essentially different states. Multiple sleepiness assessment tools have been proposed in the past. The majority of them offer valuable information, but they do not grasp all aspects of sleepiness. We should bear in mind that tools for assessing sleepiness are always operationalizations reflecting the theoretical framework the investigator has on sleepiness. Hence, rather than searching for a gold standard for the measurement of sleepiness, future research effort should be aimed at linking the various measurement techniques with the hypothesized underlying components of sleepiness on a sound empirical basis. 2002 Harcourt Publishers Ltd

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^f1: Correspondence should be addressed to: Raymond Cluydts, PhD, Department of Cognitive and Physiological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium. Tel: ++32 (0) 2 629 25 29; Fax: ++32 (0) 2 629 24 89;E-mail: [email protected]

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Theoretical ReviewDaytime sleepiness and its evaluation

Abstract

On a distinction between hypothetical constructs and intervening variables

Psychol Rev

Rethinking the assessment of sleepiness

Sleep Med Rev

The clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test

Sleep

The multiple sleep latency test: what does it measure?

Sleep

Propension au sommeil et somnolence diurne au cours du syndrome d»apnées du sommeil

Neurophysiol Clin

Hyperarousal and insomnia

Sleep Med Rev

Sleepiness (guest editorial)

Sleep Med Rev

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Clin Chest Med

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Hum Neurobiol

Assessing vigilance through a brief pencil and paper letter cancellation task (LCT): effects of one night of sleep deprivation and of the time of day

Ergonomics

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Sleep

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Sleep

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Sleep

Adenosine: a mediator of the sleep-inducing effects of prolonged wakefulness

Science

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J Psychopharmacol

The human body circadian: how the biologic clock influences sleep and emotion

Neuroendocrinol Lett

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Biol Cybern

Towards a model for the prediction of alertness and/or fatigue on different sleep/wake schedules

In: Oginski A, Polorski J, Rutenfranz J (eds) Contemporary Advances in Shiftwork Research: Theoretical and Practical Aspects in the Late Eighties. Krakow: Medical Academy

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Sleep

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Biol Cybern

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J Neurosci

Daytime sleepiness in young adults

Sleep

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Sleep

Sleepiness as measured by modified multiple sleep latency testing varies as a function of preceding activity

Sleep

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Sleep Med Rev

Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: molecular genetics of sleep regulation

Cell

Performance and evoked potential measures of various states of daytime sleepiness

Sleep

Nocturnal determinants of daytime sleepiness

Sleep

Test–retest reliability of the MSLT

Sleep

MSLT-defined sleepiness and neuropsychological test- performance do not correlate in the elderly

Neurobiol Aging

Sleepiness in different situations measured by the Epworth sleepiness scale

Sleep

La somnolence; modèles expérimentaux

Neurophysiol Clin

Evidence for genetic influences on sleep disturbance and sleep pattern in twins

Sleep

Field observations of yawning and activity in humans

Physiol Behav

Smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements as possible indicators of nighttime sleepiness

Physiol Behav

Perclos predicts both PVT lapse frequency and cumulative lapse duration

Sleep

Vigilance on the civil flight deck: incidence of sleepiness and sleep during long-haul flights and associated changes in physiological parameters

Ergonomics

Evaluation of driver drowsiness by trained raters

Accid Anal Prev

How accurately does wrist actigraphy (circa 1999) identify the states of sleep and wakefulness?

Sleep

Theoretical Review
Daytime sleepiness and its evaluation