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Cyclic nucleotide research — still expanding after half a century

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology volume 3, pages 710–717 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

Since the discovery in 1957 that cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger for the hormone adrenaline, interest in this molecule and its companion, cyclic GMP, has grown. Over a period of nearly 50 years, research into second messengers has provided a framework for understanding transmembrane signal transduction, receptor–effector coupling, protein-kinase cascades and downregulation of drug responsiveness. The breadth and impact of this work is reflected by five different Nobel prizes.

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Figure 1
Figure 2: Basic mechanisms of cyclic-nucleotide regulation and function.
Figure 3: Immunocytochemical localization of three cyclic-nucleotide PDEs in rat olfactory epithelium.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7280, Washington, USA

    Joseph A. Beavo & Laurence L. Brunton

  2. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0636, California, USA

    Joseph A. Beavo & Laurence L. Brunton

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  1. Joseph A. Beavo
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DATABASES

LocusLink

α-adrenergic receptor

β-adrenergic receptor

guanylyl cyclase

PDE1

PDE2

PDE5

PDE6

PKA

PKC

PKG

Medscape DrugInfo

Viagra

Swiss-Prot

adenylyl cyclase

ANF

angiotensinogen

ATF1

BCL2

casein

CFTR

CREB

CREM

GFP

glucocorticoid receptor

glucose-6-phosphatase

glycogen phosphorylase

insulin

MLCK

NO synthase

PDE4A

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

phosphoglucomutase

rhodopsin

transducin

tyrosine hydroxylase

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Beavo, J., Brunton, L. Cyclic nucleotide research — still expanding after half a century. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3, 710–717 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm911

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