Elsevier

Thrombosis Research

Volume 128, Issue 4, October 2011, Pages 346-351
Thrombosis Research

Regular Article
Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in local vein wall is associated with enhanced venous thrombus resolution

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2011.05.006Get rights and content
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Abstract

Introduction

Venous thrombus resolution may be regulated by an angiogenic process that involves the surrounding vein wall. The aims of this study were to determine whether: (i) thrombosis stimulates activation of the angiogenic transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, and downstream expression of growth factors in vein wall; and (ii) upregulation of HIF1α in vein wall leads to increased growth factor expression and enhanced thrombus resolution.

Materials and methods

HIF1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and placental growth factor (PLGF) were quantified in mouse inferior vena cava (IVC) at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after thrombus formation (n = 10-13 per group). An additional group of thrombosed mice were treated with the prolyl-hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitor, L-mimosine (L-mim) or vehicle control. HIF1α, VEGF, and PLGF in IVC were measured at days 1 and 7; and vein recanalisation and thrombus resolution were measured at days 7 and 10 (n = 6-7 per group).

Results

HIF1α was expressed in thrombosed IVC and its levels remained relatively constant throughout natural resolution. The levels of VEGF in thrombosed IVC were elevated at days 1 (P < 0.0001) and 3 (P < 0.05); and PLGF at days 1 (P < 0.0001), 3 (P < 0.0001), and 7 (P < 0.0001). Treatment with L-mim led to: increased HIF1α (P < 0.05), VEGF (P < 0.005), and PLGF (P < 0.001) levels in the IVC; decreased thrombus size (P < 0.01); and increased vein recanalisation (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

HIF1α levels in vein wall are not affected by thrombosis and it appears that the angiogenic drive in the vein surrounding resolving thrombus is regulated independently of HIF1α. Stimulating HIF1α levels in the vein wall leads to an increased angiogenic drive and promotes vein recanalisation and thrombus resolution.

Abbreviations

HIF1α
hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
VEGF
vascular endothelial growth factor
PLGF
placental growth factor
IVC
inferior vena cava
L-mim
L-mimosine

Keywords

Hypoxia
Hypoxia-inducible factor
Angiogenesis
Thrombus resolution

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