Mechanisms of allergy and clinical immunologyCigarette smoke extract induces thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression, leading to TH2-type immune responses and airway inflammation
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Mice
Female inbred BALB/c mice, all approximately 6 weeks old, were obtained from Japan SLC (Tokyo, Japan). Homozygous wild-type C57BL/6J and TNF receptor 1–null B6.129-Tnfrsf1atm1Mak/J mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Me). The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Yamanashi.
Preparation of CSE
CSE was prepared from a major cigarette brand in Japan (tar content, 10 mg), as previously described,10 and stored at −20°C until
CSE exposure induces TSLP expression in the mouse lung in an oxidative stress−dependent and TNF-α receptor I–dependent manner
To investigate whether a causal relationship exists between cigarette smoke exposure and TSLP expression in the lung, we first examined the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on TSLP expression in the mouse lung. BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed to CSE every day for a total of 7 days (days 0-6), and expression of TSLP mRNA and protein in the mouse lung was examined by means of real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. TSLP mRNA expression gradually increased in the lungs
Discussion
Exposure to cigarette smoke is strongly correlated with asthma severity and development,1, 2, 3, 4 although it remains a matter of debate whether there is a causal relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and asthma development. In this study we showed that exposure to CSE induced the expression of TSLP, a master switch of TH2-type allergic inflammation,6, 7, 8 in the mouse lung. Importantly, when simultaneously challenged with an innocuous antigen (OVA), CSE induced the development of
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Supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.