Preventive cardiologyEffect of Long-Term Endurance and Strength Training on Metabolic Control and Arterial Elasticity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Section snippets
Methods
The study was a randomized controlled trial with 50 men recruited to assess the effect of exercise on PWV and baroreflex sensitivity, as described previously.15 One subject in the exercise-training (E) group withdrew from the study because of lack of time, and 1 from the control (C) group withdrew because of poor motivation. Our hypothesis was that baroreflex sensitivity may improve after 1 year of training, whereas arterial elasticity required a longer period. None of the patients was on
Results
Forty-eight subjects completed the 24-month intervention successfully. Their baseline characteristics are listed in Table 1. The E group met the requirements for minimum duration and intensity of training sessions. Mean adherence to controlled training sessions was 75% of sessions. Table 2 lists exercise and other results in the study groups at baseline and 24 months. Vo2max improved significantly in the E group (E +9% vs C −2%), and muscle strength parameters (sit-up test, E +64% vs C −10%)
Discussion
This is the first randomized controlled study evaluating the impact of 2 years of exercise training on arterial stiffness in patients with DM. Our main finding was that large-artery elasticity was not improved, although training resulted in an improved cardiovascular risk profile and significantly better hemoglobin A1c for 15 months. Figure 1, Figure 2 show the rapid changes in risk factors, and Figure 2 shows the end-point measure. Thus, arterial stiffening seemed to progress in men with DM. A
Acknowledgment
We thank Dr. Tiit Kööbi, MD, at Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, for the impedance cardiography method.
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This work was supported by grants from the Finnish Ministry of Education, Helsinki, Finland; the Pirkanmaa Regional Fund under the auspices of the Finnish Cultural Fund, Tampere, Finland; the Medical Research Fund of the Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; and Finska Läkarsällskapet, Helsinki, Finland.