Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Eosinophil apoptosis caused by theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides after stimulation with IL-5☆,☆☆,★,★★
Section snippets
Purification of eosinophils
Eosinophils were purified as reported previously.5 In brief, eosinophils in peritoneal lavage fluid obtained from guinea pigs sensitized with horse serum were isolated by centrifugation on a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. Purified eosinophils were suspended at 2.5 × 105 cells/ml in Hybricare medium (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum with 100 μg/ml piperacillin. The purities and the viabilities of the eosinophils were >95%. Guinea
Eosinophil survival assay
The effects of AM, MP, EM, and CAM on the survival of eosinophils stimulated with 1 ng/ml IL-5 are shown in Fig. 1. When AM was added at concentrations from 10-5 to 10-3 mol/L, eosinophil viability was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1, A). When MP was added at concentrations from 10-7 to 10-5 mol/L, eosinophil viability was also suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1, B). Similarly, EM and CAM at concentrations from 1 to 100 μg/ml inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the
DISCUSSION
One of the rapidly developing areas in the fields of allergy and immunology is the study of programmed cell death, namely apoptosis. Apoptosis is characterized by condensaton of nuclear chromatin, shrinkage of the cell, separation of both nucleus and cytoplasm into multiple apoptotic bodies, and destruction of the cell by phagocytic cells. At the same time, cellular DNA is destructed by endonuclease, which cleaves the internucleosomal regions, forming a “ladder” of DNA.18 In vitro, cultured
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2014, Microbes and InfectionCitation Excerpt :Inhalation of glucocorticoids is the principal strategy for treating patients with chronic asthma, partly because of their role in accelerating eosinophil apoptosis [55], and reducing pro-survival cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, and GM-CSF [56,57]. It has been suggested that theophylline accelerates eosinophil apoptosis in the absence or presence of pro-survival cytokines in eosinophils, possibly due to the suppression of Bcl-2 expression [58,59]. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) such as LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are produced by several types of inflammatory cells in the airway; these induce bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and vascular permeability in the asthmatic airway [60].
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2013, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeCitation Excerpt :The principles of treatment should focus on reducing symptoms, biopsy-based eosinophil counts, and associated histologic and visual endoscopic changes while protecting and preserving quality of life (QoL) and nutrition.1 Corticosteroids increase eosinophil apoptosis, downregulate eosinophil chemotaxis, and inhibit proinflammatory cytokines that promote eosinophil survival and activation.21-25 Systemic oral corticosteroids (OCS) can induce remission of EoE symptoms and both gross and histologic features at doses of 1-2 mg/kg.
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2012, Annals of Allergy, Asthma and ImmunologyEosinophilia during intestinal infection
2008, Best Practice and Research: Clinical GastroenterologyCitation Excerpt :Levels may be lowered by oestrogens; they also fall during pregnancy, and are especially low during delivery. Corticosteroids inhibit blood and tissue eosinophils, probably by several mechanisms, including promotion of eosinophil apoptosis.68 Epinephrine causes a sharp decrease in peripheral eosinophils, whereas beta-blockers can block this effect and may increase eosinophil counts by 30%.2
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From athe Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kihara Hospital, Tokyo, and bthe Department of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, cthe Laboratory of Clinical Science, and dthe Department of Physiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi.
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Supported by Dokkyo University School of Medicine.
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Reprint requests: Shinji Motojima, MD, Department of Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-02, Japan.
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