Adjuvant activity of diesel-exhaust particulates for the production of IgE antibody in mice

doi:10.1016/0091-6749(86)90355-6

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volume 77, Issue 4, April 1986, Pages 616-623

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(86)90355-6 Get rights and content

Abstract

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis caused by pollen has strikingly increased in Japan in the last three decades. The number of diesel cars in use has also rapidly increased in the country. This fact urged us to study the effects of particulates emitted from diesel cars on the production of IgE antibody. The primary IgE antibody responses in mice immunized with intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OA) mixed with diesel-exhaust particulates (DEP) were higher than those in the animals immunized with OA alone. This effect of DEP on the production of IgE antibody in mice was also demonstrated when mice were immunized with repeated injections of dinitrophenylated-OA. In addition, persistent IgE-antibody response to major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen (JCPA), a most common pollen causing allergic rhinitis in Japan, was observed in mice immunized with JCPA mixed with DEP but not in the animals immunized with JCPA alone. The results do indicate that the adjuvant activity of DEP can not be excluded as a possible cause of the associated change in the number of diesel cars and allergic rhinitis caused by pollen in Japan.

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Cited by (350)

Efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linné in an animal model of particulate matter-induced asthma exacerbation
2024, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
The seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linné (TFG) has traditionally been used in Central Asia to relieve inflammation.
This study investigated the efficacy of TFG in a bronchial cell model and an animal model of asthma exacerbation caused by PM.
BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were simultaneously treated with tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin (IL)-4 and PM, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, DNA damage, and autophagy mechanisms were analyzed. In an animal model of asthma exacerbation, we analyzed changes in organ weight, distribution of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and intra-tissue mucus production.
In the cell model, TFG suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-8; reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage; and the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, P38, AKT, and mTOR. In the animal model, TFG significantly reduced weight gain of the liver, lung, and spleen; IgE, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels; and bronchial mucus secretion and smooth muscle thickness.
TFG alleviated the PM-exacerbated inflammatory response by inhibiting the MAPK and autophagy signaling pathways; it is expected to be an effective treatment for asthma.
Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma: A Scoping Review
2023, Open Respiratory Archives
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease and a major public health problem. Although the causal relationship between air pollution and asthma remains controversial, a large number of studies have provided increasingly consistent evidence of the involvement of air pollutants in asthma onset and exacerbations. We conducted a keyword search-based literature review using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for studies with titles or abstracts containing predefined terms. This narrative review discusses the current evidence on the pathological effects of pollution throughout life and the mechanisms involved in the onset, development, and exacerbation of asthma, and presents current measures and interventions for pollution damage control. Further global efforts are still needed to improve air quality.
El asma es la enfermedad respiratoria crónica más común, y un importante problema de salud pública. Aunque la relación causal entre la contaminación del aire y el asma sigue siendo controvertida, una gran cantidad de estudios han proporcionado evidencia cada vez más consistente de la participación de los contaminantes del aire en el inicio y las exacerbaciones del asma. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura basada en búsqueda de palabras clave utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science para estudios con títulos o resúmenes que contienen términos predefinidos. Esta revisión narrativa analiza la evidencia actual sobre los efectos patológicos de la contaminación a lo largo de la vida y los mecanismos involucrados en el inicio, desarrollo y exacerbación del asma, y presenta las medidas e intervenciones actuales para el control de daños por contaminación. Todavía se necesitan más esfuerzos globales para mejorar la calidad del aire.
DEP-induced ZEB2 promotes nasal polyp formation via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Citation Excerpt :
Therefore, the use of airways for sensitization, such as via intranasal or intratracheal administration, has recently been applied to mimic human airway diseases, instead of intraperitoneal or subcutaneous routes.60-62 Multiple studies have reported delivering DEP with HDM or ovalbumin via the intranasal route for sensitization, and they observed adjuvant activity of DEP on IgE and IgG1 antibody productions.17,49,63,64 It has also been reported that inhaled HDM challenge induces a classical TH2 inflammatory mediator profile in the airway (like ovalbumin).
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are associated with the prevalence and exacerbation of allergic respiratory diseases, including allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, DEP-induced mechanistic pathways promoting upper airway disease and their clinical implications remain unclear.
We sought to investigate the mechanisms by which DEP exposure contributes to nasal polyposis using human-derived epithelial cells and a murine nasal polyp (NP) model.
Gene set enrichment and weighted gene coexpression network analyses were performed. Cytotoxicity, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and nasal polyposis were assessed. Effects of DEP exposure on EMT were determined using epithelial cells from normal people or patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without NPs. BALB/c mice were exposed to DEP through either a nose-only exposure system or nasal instillation, with or without house dust mite, followed by zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB)2 small hairpin RNA delivery.
Bioinformatics analyses revealed that DEP exposure triggered EMT features in airway epithelial cells. Similarly, DEP-exposed human nasal epithelial cells exhibited EMT characteristics, which were dependent on ZEB2 expression. Human nasal epithelial cells derived from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis presented more prominent EMT features after DEP treatment, when compared with those from control subjects and patients with NPs. Coexposure to DEP and house dust mite synergistically increased the number of NPs, epithelial disruptions, and ZEB2 expression. Most importantly, ZEB2 inhibition prevented DEP-induced EMT, thereby alleviating NP formation in mice.
Our data show that DEP facilitated NP formation, possibly via the promotion of ZEB2-induced EMT. ZEB2 may be a therapeutic target for DEP-induced epithelial damage and related airway diseases, including NPs.
The immunomodulatory effects of diesel exhaust particles in asthma
2020, Environmental Pollution
Citation Excerpt :
Previous experimental research on chemical-induced asthma due to AP in mice carried out by our group showed AHR, eosinophilic airway inflammation, increased B-lymphocytes and a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response, suggesting that asthma due to chemicals may be caused by a complex interaction of innate immunity and a mixed Th1/Th2 adaptive immune response (Cruz et al., 2009; Cruz et al., 2016). Nevertheless, the interaction between chemicals and DEPs has not been adequately assessed; DEP interactions have mainly been studied in allergic asthma with a typical Th2 response to triggers such as ovalbumin (OVA) (Takafuji et al., 1987; Muranaka et al., 1986), house dust mite (HDM) (Maes et al., 2010) and soybean hull extract (SHE) (Alvarez-Simón et al., 2017). Several authors have suggested that DEPs boost the Th2 pathway producing an adjuvant effect in the secondary immune response or promoting allergic airway inflammation through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor–notch signalling cascade (Xia et al., 2015).
Ammonium persulfate (AP) causes occupational asthma (OA) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) exacerbate asthma; however, the role of DEP in asthma due to chemical agents has not been assessed to date. Therefore, the present work aims to study the immunomodulatory effects of DEP in a mouse model of chemical asthma. BALB/c ByJ mice were randomly divided into four experimental groups. On days 1 and 8, mice were dermally sensitized with AP or saline. On days 15, 18 and 21, they received intranasal instillations of AP or saline. Two experimental groups received DEP on every of the three challenges. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung mechanics, pulmonary inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage, leukocyte numbers in total lung tissue, oxidative stress and optical projection tomography (OPT) studies were assessed. The AP-sensitized and challenged group showed asthma-like responses, such as airway hyperresponsiveness, increased levels of eosinophils and NKs and lower numbers of monocytes and CD11b-Ly6C- dendritic cells (DCs). Mice exposed to DEP alone showed increased levels of neutrophils and NKs, reduced numbers of monocytes and alveolar macrophages, and increased levels of CD11b + Ly6C- DCs. The AP sensitized and AP + DEP challenged group also showed asthma-like symptoms such as AHR, as well as increased numbers of eosinophils, neutrophils, CD11b + Ly6C- DCs and decreased levels of total and alveolar macrophages and tolerogenic DCs. Particle deposition was visualised using OPT. In the DEP group the particles were distributed relatively evenly, while in the AP + DEP group they were seen mainly in the large conducting airways. The results show that DEP exposure activates the innate immune response and, together with AP, exacerbates asthma immune hallmarks. This mouse model provides the first evidence of the capacity of DEPs to increase CD11b + Ly6C- (Th2-related) DCs. This study also demonstrates, for the first time, a differential deposition pattern of DEP in lungs depending on asthma status.
Environmental Technology and Sustainability: Physical, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Clean Environmental Management
2020, Environmental Technology and Sustainability: Physical, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Clean Environmental Management
Allergy to cypress pollen
2019, Revue Francaise d'Allergologie
Le cyprès appartient à la famille des Cupressacées qui comporte 140 espèces à feuillage persistant. Les genres importants en allergologie sont Cupressus sempervirens ou cyprès vert ou de Provence, Cupressus arizonica ou cyprès bleu nommé actuellement Hesperocyparis arizonica, Juniperus oxycedrus ou communis et Thuya. J. oxycedrus ouvre la saison en octobre, C. sempervirens la poursuit en janvier–février, puis C. arizonica en février–mars et Oxycedrus communis la clôt en avril, ce qui explique la très longue période symptomatique des patients allergiques au pollen de cyprès. Dans les pays méditerranéens, le cyprès est le taxon pollinique le plus important, qui représente la moitié de la production pollinique totale. Avec le réchauffement climatique, on observe une migration de l’espèce vers les zones plus septentrionales. Les allergènes majeurs sont issus du groupe 1. Les autres allergènes des cyprès et genévriers partagent une homologie de structure avec ce dernier allant de 75 à 97 %. La prévalence de l’allergie au pollen de cyprès en population générale s’établit de 5 % à 13 %, selon l’intensité de l’exposition à ce pollen. Parmi les patients consultant en allergologie, le pourcentage de sensibilisation vis-à-vis de cet allergène se situe, dans les pays méditerranéens, de 9 à 35 %. Les études qui ont évalué l’évolution de la sensibilisation au pollen de cyprès à 10 ou 15 années d’intervalle trouvent un triplement du pourcentage. Les facteurs de risque de cette allergie sont représentés par la prédisposition génétique et l’exposition à ces pollens, mais probablement aussi le cofacteur représenté par les polluants atmosphériques. L’histoire naturelle de l’allergie au pollen de cyprès est particulière dans un sous-groupe de patients dénués d’antécédents atopiques personnels et familiaux, qui développent l’allergie plus tard dans la vie que les autres polliniques, ont un taux d’IgE totales bas et une monosensibilisation fréquente vis-à-vis de ce pollen. Chez ces patients, la maladie relève davantage d’une manifestation d’allergie que d’atopie. En clinique, la rhinite est le symptôme le plus fréquent mais la conjonctivite est le plus invalidant. Une allergie croisée avec la pêche et les agrumes a été décrite. Le traitement symptomatique n’a rien de particulier. Les traitements de désensibilisation sont appliqués depuis longtemps, d’abord par la voie injectable, puis actuellement surtout par la voie sublinguale mais les essais cliniques n’ont porté que sur de faibles effectifs de patients. L’éviction peut s’envisager à l’échelon individuel avec des mesures destinées à éviter le contact avec l’allergène et aussi au plan collectif avec la diversification végétale, le choix de cyprès moins pollinisateurs et la taille des haies avant pollinisation.
Cypress trees belong to the Cupressaceae family, which includes 140 species with indeciduous foliage. The most important genera in terms of allergic diseases are Cupressus sempervirens or green cypress, Cupressus arizonica or blue cypress (now named Hesperocyparis arizonica), Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus communis and thuya. Since J. oxycedrus pollinates in October, C. sempervirens in January and February, C. arizonica in February and March, and J. communis in April, the symptomatic period is very long. Due to global warming, the pollination period is becoming longer and Cupressaceae species are currently migrating northwards. In the Mediterranean countries, cypress is by far the most important pollinating species, accounting for half of all pollination. The major allergens belong to group 1. The other allergens from cypress and juniper share 75 to 97 % structural homology with the group 1 major allergens. The prevalence of cypress allergy in the general population ranges from 5 % to 13 %, depending on exposure to pollen. According to different studies, 9 to 35 % of outpatients consulting an allergist show sensitization to cypress pollen. Repeated cross-sectional studies performed at intervals of between 10 and 15 years demonstrate a threefold increase in the percentage level of cypress allergy. Risk factors include genetic predisposition and/or high exposure to pollen, with air pollutants potentially playing a synergistic role. Study of the natural history of cypress allergy shows a subgroup of patients with no personal or family history of atopy and whose disease began later in life, with low total IgE and often monosensitization to cypress pollen. In these patients, the disease is allergic rather than atopic. Clinically, rhinitis is the most prevalent symptom while conjunctivitis is the most disabling. Cross-reactivity exists with citrus fruit and peach allergies. The pharmacological treatment of cypress allergy is the same as for other allergies. Hypo-sensitization has been used for a long time, formerly via injections but nowadays mostly sublingually, although clinical trials have included only a small number of patients. Avoidance can be achieved by individual subjects avoiding contact, but also at the community level through the use of different plants, selection of low-pollinating cypresses and by trimming hedges prior to pollination.

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^☆: Supported in part by a grant from Manabe Foundation.

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Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Abstract

References (24)

Isolation and partial characterization of the major allergen from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Homologous and heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylactic activity of mouse antisera during the course of immunization

Life Sci

Allergy in Japan

J Allergy

Where is the allergic reaction in ragweed asthma? II. Demonstration of ragweed antigen in airborne particles smaller than pollen

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Allergen carriage by atmospheric aerosol. II. Ragweed-pollen determinants in submicronic atmospheric fractions

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Allergy in Japan

Nasal allergy and air pollution

Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Tokyo

Diesel emission, a worldwide concern

Potential health risks from increased use of diesel light duty vehicles

EPA studies on the toxicological effects of inhaled diesel engine emissions

Cited by (350)

Efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linné in an animal model of particulate matter-induced asthma exacerbation

Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma: A Scoping Review

DEP-induced ZEB2 promotes nasal polyp formation via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

The immunomodulatory effects of diesel exhaust particles in asthma

Environmental Technology and Sustainability: Physical, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Clean Environmental Management

Allergy to cypress pollen

Adjuvant activity of diesel-exhaust particulates for the production of IgE antibody in mice☆

Abstract

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Life Sci

J Allergy

J Allergy Clin Immunol

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Allergy in Japan

Nasal allergy and air pollution

Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Tokyo

Diesel emission, a worldwide concern

Potential health risks from increased use of diesel light duty vehicles

EPA studies on the toxicological effects of inhaled diesel engine emissions