Projection of low-threshold afferents from human intercostal muscles to the cerebral cortex
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The impact of unfavorable and toxic environmental conditions on autonomic tone modulations while wearing N95 face masks
2024, Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental EngineeringDyspnea
2022, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyMechanisms underlying the sensation of dyspnea
2021, Respiratory InvestigationCitation Excerpt :In patients with interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis, reduced lung compliance hinders the ability to achieve sufficient lung expansion and ventilatory output corresponding to the motor command, which augments the mismatch between motor command corollary discharge and integrated mechanical respiratory sensation, resulting in dyspnea [1,126]. The increased effort needed to expand the stiffened lung increases the tension of the intercostal muscles and afferent discharge from muscle spindles during inspiration, resulting in an increased mismatch between motor command corollary discharge and integrated mechanical respiratory sensation [120,126]. Further, insufficient lung expansion reduces the discharge from slowly adapting stretch receptors [41], leading to dyspnea.
Mechanisms of orofacial sensory processing in the rat insular cortex
2018, Journal of Oral BiosciencesCitation Excerpt :MesV neurons encode the distance between the mandible and maxilla [37,38] and the velocity of jaw movements [37]. In humans, electrical stimulation of the intercostal muscles activates the somatosensory areas [39]. Several studies in cat have demonstrated that stimulation of muscle mechanoreceptors activates areas 3a [40], 3b, and 6aβ [41] of the sensorimotor cortex.
Thalamo-insular pathway conveying orofacial muscle proprioception in the rat
2017, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :In comparison to the proprioceptive sensations conveyed by Me5 neurons, the other orofacial sensations from cutaneous/mucosal tissues are transmitted to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (in the pons and medulla) by the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, then to the VPM (core VPM), and finally to the orofacial regions of the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices (for review, see Dubner et al., 1978; Taylor, 1990). It has also been reported that the proprioceptive information not only from bodily deep tissues but also from orofacial deep tissues is conveyed to the somatosensory cortex, mainly to the area 3a of S1 in the cat (Amassian and Berlin, 1958; Oscarsson and Rosén, 1963, 1966; Landgren and Silfvenius, 1969; Phillips et al., 1971; Lund and Sessle, 1974; Iwata et al., 1985; Gandevia and Macefield, 1989; Macefield et al., 1989) and the other species (Phillips et al., 1971; Iwamura et al., 1983; Sirisko and Sessle, 1983; Gandevia and Macefield, 1989; Macefield et al., 1989). In the rat, Fujita et al. (2017) have recently demonstrated that the cortical border area between the ventral part of S2 and the dorsal insular cortex as well as the S1 receives the proprioceptive inputs from JCMSs by means of optical calcium imaging, although they have not identified their thalamo-cortical pathways.