Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Drinking Influences Exhaled Breath Condensate Acidity

  • Published:
Lung Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Exhaled breath condensate analysis is a developing method for investigating airway pathology. Impact of food and drink on breath condensate composition has not been systematically addressed. The aim of the study was to follow exhaled breath condensate pH after drinking an acidic and a neutral beverage. Breath condensate, capillary blood, and urine of 12 healthy volunteers were collected before and after drinking either 1 l of coke or 1 l of mineral water. The pH of each sample was determined with a blood gas analyzer. The mean difference between the pH of two breath condensate samples collected within 15 min before drinking was 0.13 ± 0.03. Condensate pH decreased significantly from 6.29 ± 0.02 to 6.24 ± 0.02 (p < 0.03) after drinking coke and from 6.37 ± 0.03 to 6.22 ± 0.04 (p < 0.003) after drinking water. Drinking coke induced significant changes in blood and urine pH as well. Drinking influences exhaled breath condensate composition and may contribute to the variability of exhaled breath condensate pH.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Horváth I, Hunt J, Barnes PJ (2005) On behalf of the ATS/ERS Task Force on Exhaled Breath Condensate. Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions. Eur Respir J 26:523–548

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Vaughan J, Ngamtrakulparit L, Pajewski TN, Turner R, Nguyen TA, Smith A, Urban P, Hom S, Gaston B, Hunt J (2003) Exhaled breath condensate pH is a robust and reproducible assay of airway acidity. Eur Respir J 22:889–894

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Effros RM, Casaburi R, Su J, Dunning M, Torday J, Biller J, Shaker R (2005) The effects of volatile salivary acids and bases upon exhaled breath condensate pH. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:386–392

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Books SM, Haight RR, Gordon RL (2006) Age does not affect airway pH and ammonia as determined by exhaled breath measurements. Lung 184:195–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. McCafferty JB, Bradshaw TA, Tate S, Greening AP, Innes JA (2004) Effects of breathing pattern and inspired air conditions on breath condensate volume, pH, nitrite, and protein concentrations. Thorax 59:694–698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Hunt JF, Fang K, Malik R, Snyder A, Malkotra N, Platts-Mills TAE, Gaston B (2000) Endogenous airway acidification: implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:694–699

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kostikas K, Papatheodorou G, Ganas K, Psathakis K, Panagou P, Loukides S (2002) pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1364–1370

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Tate S, MacGregor G, Davis M, Innes JA, Greening AP (2002) Airways in cystic fibrosis are acidified: detection by exhaled breath condensate. Thorax 57:926–929

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Kullmann T, Barta I, Lázár Zs, Szili B, Barat E, Valyon M, Kollai M, Horvath I (2007) Exhaled breath condensate pH standardised for CO2 partial pressure. Eur Respir J 29:496–501

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Effros RM, Hoagland KW, Bosbous M, Castillo D, Foss B, Dunning M, Gare M, Lin W, Sun F (2002) Dilution of respiratory solutes in exhaled condensates. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:663–669

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Leung TF, Li CY, Yung E, Liu EK, Lam CW, Wong GW (2006) Clinical and technical factors affecting pH and other biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Pediatr Pulmonol 41:87–94

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Soyer OU, Dizdar EA, Keskin O, Lilly C, Kalayci O (2006) Comparison of two methods for exhaled breath condensate collection. Allergy 61:1016–1018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Goldoni M, Caglieri A, Andreoli R, Poli D, Manini P, Vettori MV, Corradi M, Mutti A (2005) Influence of condensation temperature on selected exhaled breath parameters. BMC Pulm Med 5:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Czebe K, Barta I, Antus B, Valyon M, Horváth I, Kullmann T (2008) Influence of condensing equipment and temperature on exhaled breath condensate pH, total protein and leukotriene concentrations. Respir Med [Epub ahead of print]

  15. Riediker M, Danuser B (2007) Exhaled breath condensate pH is increased after moderate exercise. J Aerosol Med 20:13–18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hunt J, Erwin E, Palmer L, Vaughan J, Malhotra N, Platts-Mills TAE, Gaston B (2002) Expression and activity of pH-regulatory glutaminase in the human airway epithelium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:101–107

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Czebe K, Kullmann T, Csiszer E, Barat E, Horváth I, Antus B (2008) Variability of exhaled breath condensate pH in lung transplant recipients. Respiration 75:339–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Metz G, Jenkins DJ, Peters TJ, Newman A, Blendits LM (1975) Breath hydrogen as a diagnostic method for hypolactasia. Lancet 1(7917):1155–1157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Graham DY, Klein PD, Evans DJ, Evans DG, Alpert LC, Opekun AR, Boutton TW (1987) Campylobacter pylori detected noninvasively by the C13-urea breath test. Lancet 1(8543):1174–1177

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Turner SW, Craig LCA, Harbour PJ, Forbes SH, Martindale S, McNeill G, Seaton A, Ayres JG, Devereux G, Helens PJ (2007) Carbonated drink consumption and increased exhaled nitric oxide in atopic children. Eur Respir J 30:1463–1464

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to E. Huszár for critical comments and for suggesting the model experiment and to J. Csoszor for assistance in pH measurements. The Hungarian National Scientific Research Fund (OTKA 43396 and 68808) supported the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathophysiology, National Korányi Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Pihenő u. 1, Budapest, 1529, Hungary

    Tamás Kullmann, Imre Barta & Balázs Antus

  2. Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Ildikó Horváth

Authors
  1. Tamás Kullmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Imre Barta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Balázs Antus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ildikó Horváth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tamás Kullmann.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kullmann, T., Barta, I., Antus, B. et al. Drinking Influences Exhaled Breath Condensate Acidity. Lung 186, 263–268 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-008-9086-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-008-9086-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation