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Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with and without diffuse alveolar damage: an autopsy study

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Abstract

Objective

To demonstrate that among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the presence of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) at histological examination, as compared to its absence, defines a specific subphenotype.

Methods

We studied 149 patients who died in our ICU with the clinical diagnosis of ARDS according to the Berlin Definition (BD) and who had autopsy examination. We compared the change over time of different clinical variables in patients with (n = 49) and without (n = 100) DAD. A predictive model for the presence of DAD was developed and validated in an independent cohort of 57 patients with ARDS and postmortem examination (21 of them with DAD).

Results

Patients with DAD, as compared to patients without DAD, had a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio and dynamic respiratory system compliance, and a higher SOFA score and INR, and were more likely to die of hypoxemia and less likely to die of shock. In multivariate analysis, variables associated with DAD [odds ratio, 95 % confidence interval (CI)] were PaO2/FiO2 ratio [0.988 (0.981–0.995)], dynamic respiratory system compliance [0.937 (0.892–0.984)] and age [0.972 (0.946–0.999)]. Areas under the ROC curve (95 % CI) for the classification of DAD using the regression model or the BD were, respectively, 0.74 (0.65–0.82) and 0.64 (0.55–0.72) (p = 0.03). In the validation cohort, the areas under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of DAD were 0.73 (0.56–0.90) and 0.67 (0.54–0.81) for the regression model and the BD, respectively.

Conclusions

The presence of DAD appears to define a specific subphenotype in patients with ARDS. Targeting patients with DAD within the population of patients with the clinical diagnosis of ARDS might be appropriate to find effective therapies for this condition.

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Acknowledgments

Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS PI 12/02898, and FIS PI 12/02451. European Network (7th FP) ITN 264864.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905, Madrid, Spain

    José A. Lorente, Fernando Frutos-Vivar, Carlos Jaramillo, Aida Ballén-Barragán, José M. Rodríguez, Oscar Peñuelas & Andrés Esteban

  2. CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain

    José A. Lorente, Fernando Frutos-Vivar, Aida Ballén-Barragán, José M. Rodríguez, Oscar Peñuelas & Andrés Esteban

  3. Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain

    José A. Lorente

  4. Hospital Universitario de Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain

    Pablo Cardinal-Fernández

  5. Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia

    Diego Muñoz

  6. Medical ICU, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France

    Arnaud W. Thille

  7. Universidad del Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia

    Guillermo Ortiz & José Blanco

  8. Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil

    Bruno Valle Pinheiro

  9. Hospital Español Juan José Crottoggini, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Nicolás Nin

  10. Intensive Care Service, Hospital Regional 1º de Octubre, ISSSTE, Mexico DF, Mexico

    María del Carmen Marin

  11. Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Taylor B. Thompson

Authors
  1. José A. Lorente
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  2. Pablo Cardinal-Fernández
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  3. Diego Muñoz
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  11. José Blanco
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  12. Bruno Valle Pinheiro
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  15. Andrés Esteban
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  16. Taylor B. Thompson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to José A. Lorente.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Take-home message: The presence of DAD in ARDS patients defines a specific clinical-pathological entity, which means that the knowledge sourced from ARDS studies which do not take histology into account should be considered very cautiously as they include different entities (only half of ARDS patients present DAD).

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Lorente, J.A., Cardinal-Fernández, P., Muñoz, D. et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with and without diffuse alveolar damage: an autopsy study. Intensive Care Med 41, 1921–1930 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4046-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4046-0

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