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Hypoxia pp 39–55Cite as

Oxygen Conformance of Cellular Respiration

A perspective of mitochondrial physiology

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 543))

Abstract

Oxygen pressure declines from normoxic air-level to the microenvironment of mitochondria where cytochromecoxidase (COX) reduces oxygen to water at oxygen levels as low as 0.3 kPa (2 Torr; 3 µM; 1.5% air saturation). Intracellular hypoxia is defined as (1) local oxygen pressure below normoxic reference states, or (2) limitation of mitochondrial respiration by oxygen levels below kinetic saturation, resulting in oxyconformance. High-resolution respirometry provides the methodology to measure mitochondrial and cellular oxygen kinetics in the relevant low oxygen range <1 kPa (7.5 mmHg; 9–10 µM; 5% air saturation). Respiration of isolated heart mitochondria follows hyperbolic oxygen kinetics with half-saturating oxygen pressure,p 50, of 0.04 kPa (0.3 Torr; 0.4 µM) in ADP-stimulated state 3. Thus mitochondrial respiration proceeds at 90% of its hyperbolic maximum at thep 50of myoglobin, suggesting the possibility of a small but significant oxygen limitation even under normoxia in active muscle. Any impairment of oxygen delivery, therefore, induces oxyconformance. In addition, a shift of mitochondrial oxygen kinetics to the right, particularly by competitive inhibition of COX by NO, causes a further depression of respiration and a compensatory increase of local oxygen pressure. Above 1 kPa, mitochondrial oxygen uptake increases above hyperbolic saturation, which is probably due to oxygen radical production rather than the kinetics of COX. In cultured cells, the pronounced oxygen uptake above mitochondrial saturation at air-level oxygen pressure cannot be inhibited by rotenone and antimycin A, amounting to >20% of routine respiration in fibroblasts. Biochemical models of oxyconformance of COX are evaluated relative to patterns of intracellular oxygen distribution in the tissue and enzyme turnoverinv/vo, considering the kinetic effects of COX excess capacity on flux through the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

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  1. Erich Gnaiger
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Colorado Center for Altitude Medicine and Physiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA

    Robert C. Roach  & Peter H. Hackett (President) &  (President)

  2. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Peter D. Wagner

  3. International Society for Mountain Medicine, Ridgway, Colorado, USA

    Peter H. Hackett (President) (President)

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Gnaiger, E. (2003). Oxygen Conformance of Cellular Respiration. In: Roach, R.C., Wagner, P.D., Hackett, P.H. (eds) Hypoxia. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 543. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8997-0_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8997-0_4

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