Study | P/R | Marker | Patients n | Population | Therapy | Effect on survival | p-value | U/M |
Okada et al. [138] | R | CEA | 1000 | NSCLC cI | Surgery | ↓ for high post-surgical level | <0.0001 | M |
Nisman et al. [139] | P | CEA | 45 | Advanced NSCLC | CT | ↑ if ↓ ≥35% | 0.04 | U |
Sawabata et al. [140] | R | CEA | 19 | ADC I | Surgery | ↓ for high post-surgical level | 0.006 | U |
Sawabata et al. [141] | R | CEA | 242 | NSCLC IA | Surgery | ↓ for high post-surgical level | <0.0001 | M |
Sawabata et al. [142] | R | CEA | 297 | NSCLC cI | Surgery | ↓ for high post-surgical level | 0.002 | M |
Bréchot et al. [143] | P | CEA | 116 | NSCLC I–IV | Various | ↑ if ↓ ≥50% | 0.006 | U |
Chiu et al. [144] | R | CEA | 89 | Relapsing NSCLC | Gefitinib | ↑ if ↓ ≥50% at 4 weeks | 0.03 | U |
Spiridonidis et al. [145] | R | CEA, CA19-9, CA-125 | 36 | NSCLC I–IIIB | CT or CT-RT | ↑ if ↓ if decrease | 0.0002 | U |
Nisman et al. [139] | P | Cyfra 21-1 | 45 | Advanced NSCLC | CT | ↑ if ↓ ≥35% | 0.01 | M |
Hamzaoui et al. [146] | ? | Cyfra 21-1 | 63 | NSCLC/SCLC III–IV | CT | ↑ if ↓ ≥70% | 0.44 | U |
Bréchot et al. [143] | P | Cyfra 21-1 | 116 | NSCLC I–IV | Various | ↑ if ↓ ≥50% | 0.0001 | M |
Sunaga et al. [147] | R | Pro-GRP | 29 | SCLC I–IV | CT | ↑ if ↓ ≥50% | 0.001 | M |
Okusaka et al. [148] | R | Pro-GRP | 18 | SCLC in PR | CT | ↑ if return to normal | <0.05 | U |
Bréchot et al. [143] | P | NSE | 116 | NSCLC I–IV | Various | ↑ if ↓ ≥50% | 0.018 | U |
Fizazi et al. [149] | R | NSE | 135 | SCLC LD/ED | CT-RT, CT | ↑ if return to normal | 0.02 | M |
Bréchot et al. [143] | P | CA-125 | 116 | NSCLC I–IV | Various | ↑ if ↓ ≥50% | 0.0006 | U |
Chiu et al. [144] | R | CA-125 | 89 | Relapsing NSCLC | Gefitinib | No effect | 0.12 | U |
Chiu et al. [144] | R | CA19-9 | 89 | Relapsing NSCLC | Gefitinib | ↑ if ↓ ≥25% at 8 weeks | <0.0001 | U |
Gauthier et al. [150] | R | Anaemia | 242 | NSCLC IB–II | Surgery + CT | No effect | 0.06 | U |
Laurie et al. [151] | R | Anaemia | 652 | SCLC LD | CT-RT | No effect | 0.33 | U |
Ishikawa et al. [152] | P | CTC | 74 | Relapsing NSCLC | Gefitinib | ↑ if ratio T0/T2w or T0/T4w <1.2 | 0.002 0.004 | U |
Chen et al. [153] | P | CTC | 67 | NSCLC I–IIIB | CT-RT | Persistence of CTC | <0.001 | M |
Yamashita et al. [154] | P | CTC | 103 | NSCLC I–IIIA | Surgery | Persistence of CTC | ns | M |
P: prospective study; R: retrospective study; U: results obtained in univariate analysis; M: results obtained in multivariate analysis; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; NSCLC: nonsmall cell lung cancer; CT: chemotherapy; ADC: adenocarcinoma; CT-RT: chemoradiotherapy; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; pro-GRP: pro-gastrin releasing peptide; PR: partial remission; NSE: neurone-specific enolase; LD: limited disease; ED: extensive disease; CTC: circulating tumour cells; ns: statistically nonsignificant.