Table 4– Spirometric indicators of obstructive airways disease in 1,322 children by maternal supplement assignment group. Nepal Nutritional Intervention Project-Sarlahi (NNIPS)-2 follow-up study, Nepal, 2006–2008

	Supplement assignment after birth			p-value
	β-carotene	Placebo	Vitamin A	p-value
Sample size for males
Subjects n	254	202	226
Subjects per ward	25 (14–44)	22 (9–45)	19 (5–70)	0.71
FEV₁/FVC for males
FEV₁/FVC %	87.5±7.1	87.6±6.1	87.8±6.0	0.88
FEV₁/FVC % (mean of ward means)	87.6±1.3	87.5±1.8	88.1±1.2	0.66
PEF for males
PEF L·s⁻¹	3.66±0.91	3.78±0.82	3.79±0.75	0.17
PEF L·s⁻¹ (mean of ward means)	3.69±0.19	3.91±0.33	3.86±0.23	0.18
FEF_75% for males
FEF_75% L·s⁻¹	0.86±0.34	0.83±0.30	0.89±0.33	0.15
FEF_75% L·s⁻¹ (mean of ward means)	0.87±0.07	0.83±0.06	0.89±0.06	0.17
MMEF for males
MMEF L·s⁻¹	1.93±0.59	1.92±0.52	1.98±0.53	0.44
MMEF L·s⁻¹ (mean of ward means)	1.94±0.13	1.95±0.13	2.01±0.14	0.52
Sample size for females
Subjects n	209	217	214
Subjects per ward	22 (12–47)	26 (7–45)	19 (6–55)	0.99
FEV₁/FVC for females
FEV₁/FVC %	89.1±6.6	88.9±6.8	89.4±6.1	0.75
FEV₁/FVC % (mean of ward means)	89.0±2.2	88.7±1.6	89.4±2.2	0.75
PEF for females
PEF L·s⁻¹	3.45±0.79	3.50±0.88	3.49±0.74	0.80
PEF L·s⁻¹ (mean of ward means)	3.44±0.30	3.61±0.47	3.47±0.19	0.55
FEF_75% for females
FEF_75% L·s⁻¹	0.85±0.34	0.81±0.32	0.8±0.32	0.47
FEF_75% L·s⁻¹ (mean of ward means)	0.84±0.12	0.84±0.13	0.86±0.12	0.90
MMEF for females
MMEF L·s⁻¹	1.90±0.55	1.86±0.57	1.93±0.51	0.45
MMEF L·s⁻¹ (mean of ward means)	1.89±0.21	1.90±0.23	1.93±0.16	0.92

Data are presented as median (range) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; PEF: peak expiratory flow; FEF_75%: forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC; MMEF: maximum mid-expiratory flow.