| Risk factors | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Sex | 0.96 (0.62–1.48) | 0.84 |
| Race | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 0.08 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | 0.26 |
| HCAP risk factors | ||
| Hospital admission within 90 days | 2.49 (2.12–2.94) | <0.001 |
| Nursing home admission within 90 days | 0.84 (0.56–1.26) | 0.40 |
| Haemodialysis | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 0.10 |
| Outpatient i.v. antibiotics within 90 days | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 0.63 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.57 |
| Heart failure | 1.03 (0.90–1.17) | 0.69 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 0.01 |
| COPD | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) | 0.28 |
| Liver disease | 1.02 (0.62–1.68) | 0.94 |
| Diabetes | 0.85 (0.72–1.01) | 0.07 |
| Neoplastic disease | 1.67 (1.48–1.89) | <0.001 |
| HIV/AIDS | 1.12 (0.39–3.28) | 0.83 |
| Substance abuse or dependence | ||
| Tobacco use | 0.73 (0.64–0.83) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 1.11 (0.85–1.44) | 0.46 |
| Medication use by class | ||
| Cardiovascular medications | 0.67 (0.58–0.76) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic medications | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.23 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 0.70 (0.59–0.82) | <0.001 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 1.02 (0.88–1.17) | 0.83 |
| Pulmonary medications | 1.04 (0.89–1.20) | 0.65 |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 1.75 (1.12–2.74) | 0.01 |
| Organ failure | ||
| Neurological | 1.52 (1.03–2.26) | 0.04 |
| Renal | 1.36 (1.16–1.59) | <0.001 |
| Haematological | 1.80 (1.31–2.48) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic | 2.21 (0.83–5.87) | 0.11 |
| GC-HCAPversus GC-CAP | 2.18 (1.86–2.55) | <0.001 |
Bold indicates statistical significance. HCAP: healthcare-associated pneumonia; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GC: guideline-concordant; CAP: community-acquired pneumonia. Variables were ordered to compare presence versus absence of characteristic when possible; patient sex and race were ordered as male versus female and black versus nonblack, respectively.