| First author [ref.] | Location | Definition of exposure | Definition of outcome | Age yrs | Children n | OR central estimate (95% CI) | Type of estimate |
| Antova [15] | Pollution and the Young Study, multiple locations | Visible mould | Hay fever ever | 6–12 | 57099 | 1.35 (1.18–1.53) | aOR |
| Mould ever | 1.48 (1.34–1.62) | aOR | |||||
| Recent mould | 1.47 (1.35–1.61) | aOR | |||||
| Dong [17] | China | Visible mould | DD allergic rhinitis (ever) | 6–13 | 10784 | 1.21 (0.97–1.50) | aOR |
| Brunekreef [21] | USA | Mould/mildew (age 7–11 yrs) | Hay fever (8–12 yrs) | 7–12 | 4625 | 1.57 (1.31–1.87) | aOR |
| Dong [22] | China | Visible mould | DD allergic rhinitis | 1–6 | 3945 | 1.20 (0.72–1.99) | aOR |
| Ibargoyen-Roteta [44] | Spain | Mould on walls (age 1 yr) | Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (age 5–8 yrs) | 1–8 | 3360 | 1.34 (0.64–2.79) | aOR |
| Chen [25] | Taiwan | Mould patches | DD allergic rhinitis | 7–12 | 1452 | 1.48 (1.03–2.12) | aOR |
| Li [26] | Taiwan | Visible mould/mildew | Allergic rhinitis symptoms | 8–12 | 1340 | 1.27 (0.96–1.68) | aOR |
| Biagini [45] | USA (Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study) | Visible mould | Allergic rhinitis | 1 | 495 | ||
| Low versus none | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | aOR | |||||
| High versus none | 3.2 (0.7–14.8) | aOR | |||||
| Stark [46] | USA | Mould/mildew (age 1 yr) | DD allergic rhinitis or hay fever (age 5 yrs) | 1–5 | 405 | 1.28 (0.74–2.22) | cHR |
| Koskinen [47] | Finland | Mould present | Rhinitis | ≤7 | 57 | 8.01 (0.77–83.82) | aOR |
| 7–15 | 147 | 1.77 (0.69–4.53) | aOR | ||||
| Li [35] | Taiwan | Visible mould | Allergic rhinitis | 7–15 | 45 | 3.50 (1.00–12.34) | aOR |
aOR: adjusted odds ratio; DD: physician-diagnosed; cHR: crude hazard ratio. Data in bold were included within the meta-analysis.