Asthma | Wheeze | ||||||
Lifetime asthma | Current asthma | Medication use | Lifetime wheeze | Current wheeze | Nocturnal wheeze | Exercise wheeze | |
Incense burning | 1.05 (0.80–1.36) | 1.36 (1.01–2.00) | 1.52 (1.02–2.42) | 1.10 (0.88–1.37) | 1.07 (0.75–1.53) | 1.31 (0.8–2.14) | 1.64 (1.18–2.28) |
Frequency of incense burning# | |||||||
Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Less than daily | 0.76 (0.54–1.07) | 1.13 (0.70–1.83) | 1.29 (0.72–2.30) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 1.00 (0.64–1.56) | 1.07 (0.58–2.01) | 1.62 (1.09–2.41) |
Daily | 1.22 (0.90–1.64) | 1.52 (0.99–2.34) | 1.75 (1.03–2.96) | 1.21 (0.94–1.55) | 1.12 (0.74–1.70) | 1.68 (0.97–2.93) | 1.88 (1.29–2.74) |
p-value for trend | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.60 | 0.06 | 0.001 |
GSTT1 null | 1.21 (0.95–1.56) | 1.43 (1.00–2.04) | 1.46 (1.01–2.22) | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) | 1.14 (0.81–1.60) | 1.14 (0.72–1.79) | 1.09 (0.81–1.47) |
GSTM1 null | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | 0.89 (0.63–1.27) | 0.84 (0.55–1.27) | 0.98 (0.80–1.21) | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 0.73 (0.47–1.16) | 0.90 (0.67–1.21) |
GSTP1Ile/Ile | 1.18 (0.60–2.32) | 0.89 (0.37–2.11) | 0.72 (0.28–1.85) | 0.96 (0.57–1.61) | 0.83 (0.37–1.86) | 1.21 (0.37–4) | 1.76 (0.7–4.41) |
Data are presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Models are adjusted for age, sex, parental education, parental asthma, parental atopy, gestational age, city, maternal smoking during pregnancy and environmental tobacco smoke at home. #: average days of incense burning at home per month.