| Characteristic | Participants | Cases | HR (95% CI) |
| Sex | |||
| Males | 6663 (40) | 61 (0.9) | 1.00 |
| Females | 10218 (60) | 131 (1.3) | 1.33 (0.96–1.85) |
| Age group | |||
| 20–24 yrs | 4268 (25) | 39 (0.9) | 1.00 |
| 30–34 yrs | 3814 (23) | 42 (1.1) | 1.38 (0.85–2.24) |
| 40–44 yrs | 4200 (25) | 52 (1.2) | 1.43 (0.89–2.29) |
| 50–54 yrs | 4599 (27) | 58 (1.3) | 1.60 (1.01–2.51) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 5303 (31) | 61 (1.2) | 1.00 |
| Married | 11560 (69) | 130 (1.1) | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) |
| Level of education | |||
| University | 2824 (17) | 28 (1.0) | 1.00 |
| College | 4954 (30) | 55 (1.1) | 1.12 (0.68–1.81) |
| Vocational | 4024 (24) | 38 (0.9) | 0.95 (0.56–1.62) |
| Basic | 4902 (29) | 65 (1.3) | 1.39 (0.86–2.27) |
| Smoking | |||
| Nonsmoker | 7298 (47) | 64 (0.9) | 1.00 |
| Past smoker | 4301 (28) | 67 (1.6) | 1.66 (1.16–2.37) |
| Current smoker | 3904 (25) | 50 (1.3) | 1.35 (0.93–2.02) |
| Dog/cat at home | |||
| No | 10556 (63) | 111 (1.1) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 6189 (37) | 77 (1.2) | 1.23 (0.91–1.99) |
| Allergic rhinitis | |||
| No | 12726 | 112 (0.9) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4029 | 76 (1.9) | 2.21 (1.62–3.01) |
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. The total number of study participants was 16,881.