Table 4– Differential association of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with absolute and % predicted values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV₁/FVC in linear regression analyses

	FEV₁^# L	FVC^# L	FEV₁/FVC^#	FEV₁^¶ % pred ECCS	FVC^¶ % pred ECCS	FEV₁^¶ % pred NHANES III	FVC % pred NHANES III
Age yrs	-0.448***	-0.403***	-0.211***
Sex⁺	0.262***	0.285***	-0.081*
Height cm	0.446***	0.477***	-0.077*
Marital status^§
Married	0.025	0.021	0.014	0.039	0.001	-0.004	-0.098**
Divorced	0.020	0.024	-0.023	0.052	0.055	-0.006	-0.074*
Education	0.009	0.009	-0.010	-0.002	0.005	0.012	0.031
Smoking^ƒ
Former	-0.041**	-0.041**	-0.020	-0.101***	-0.146***	-0.049	-0.058*
Current	-0.070***	-0.031*	-0.161***	-0.146***	-0.090***	-0.118***	-0.021
Asthma/bronchitis	-0.040**	-0.029*	-0.037	-0.065*	-0.056*	-0.060*	-0.053
Medication	-0.064***	-0.032*	-0.166***	-0.146***	-0.078**	-0.154***	-0.091***
Panic attacks	0.008	0.019	-0.039	0.025	0.067**	0.015	0.050*
Negative emotional states	-0.022	-0.020	-0.006	-0.035	-0.013	-0.050*	-0.042
Traumatic stress	-0.034*	-0.019	-0.063**	-0.062**	-0.077***	-0.036	-0.054*
PTSD	-0.003	-0.008	0.005	-0.015	-0.014	-0.017	-0.015
Model estimates
F-value	337.64	362.89	18.06	11.62	8.18	9.80	5.79
p-value	≤0.001	≤0.001	≤0.001	≤0.001	≤0.001	≤0.001	≤0.001
r²-value	0.727	0.741	0.119	0.062	0.043	0.052	0.029

Data are presented as β. ECCS: European Community for Coal and Steel; NHANES III: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ^#: linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, height, marital status, education, smoking, asthma/bronchitis, medication, panic attacks and negative emotional states; ^¶: linear regression analysis adjusted for marital status, education, smoking, asthma/bronchitis, medication, panic attacks and negative emotional states; ⁺: females as reference group; ^§: never married as reference group; ^ƒ: never-smokers as reference group. *: p≤0.05; **: p≤0.01; ***: p≤0.001.