Table 5– Randomised latent tuberculosis (TB) infection treatment trials with a placebo/no treatment arm among HIV-infected persons

Lead author [ref.]	Site (year)	TST	TB cases/number treated^#				RR (95% CI)^¶
Lead author [ref.]	Site (year)	TST	H	HR	RZ(H)	Control	H	HR	RZ(H)
Pape 98	Haiti (1993)	Positive	2/38⁺			6/25	0.22 (0.05–1.00)
		Negative	2/20⁺			5/35	0.70 (0.15–3.28)
Whalen 99	Uganda (1997)	Positive	7/536^§	9/556	10/462^¶¶	21/464	0.29 (0.12–0.67)	0.36 (0.17–0.77)	0.48 (0.23–1.00)
		Anergic	9/395^§			10/323	0.74 (0.30–1.79)
Gordin 100	USA (1997)	Negative	4/260^§			6/257	0.66 (0.19–2.31)
Hawken 101	Kenya (1997)	Positive	5/67^§			8/69	0.64 (0.22–1.87)
		Negative	11/235^§			8/224	1.31 (0.54–3.20)
		Unknown	9/40^§			7/49	1.58 (0.64–3.85)
Mwinga 102	Zambia (1998)	Positive	4/52^ƒ		2/49⁺⁺	11/60	0.42 (0.14–1.24)		0.22 (0.05–0.96)
		Negative	14/178^ƒ		13/173⁺⁺	17/166	0.77 (0.39–1.51)		0.73 (0.37–1.46)
		Unknown	9/122^ƒ		10/129⁺⁺	16/124	0.57 (0.26–1.24)		0.60 (0.28–1.27)
Fitzgerald 103	Haiti (2001)	Negative	6/126⁺			4/111	1.32 (0.38–4.56)
Rivero 104	Spain (2003)	Anergic	3/83^§	3/82	1/77^§§	4/77	0.70 (0.16–3.01)	0.70 (0.16–3.05)	0.25 (0.03–2.19)
Mohammed 105	South Africa (2007)	Negative	9/48^##			6/50	1.56 (0.60–5.97)

TST: tuberculin skin test; RR: risk ratio; H: isoniazid; HR: isoniazid plus rifampicin daily for 3 months; RZ(H): rifampicin plus pyrazinamide or rifampicin plus pyrazinamide plus isoniazid for 2–3 months. ^#: active TB cases within 1–3 yrs of follow-up (variable and with considerable attrition); ^¶: regimen versus no treatment/placebo; ⁺: isoniazid daily for 12 months; ^§: isoniazid daily for 6 months; ^ƒ: isoniazid twice weekly for 6 months; ^##: isoniazid twice weekly for 12 months; ^¶¶: isoniazid plus rifampicin plus pyrazinamide daily for 3 months; ⁺⁺: rifampicin plus pyrazinamide twice weekly for 3 months; ^§§: rifampicin plus pyrazinamide daily for 2 months.