| Characteristic | Excess of IL-6 and IL-10 | p-value# | |
| Yes | No | ||
| Patients | 167 (26.6) | 460 (73.4) | |
| Associated diseases | |||
| CNS disorder | 45 (26.9) | 86 (18.8) | 0.027 |
| Previous antibiotics | 43 (25.7) | 173 (37.7) | 0.005 |
| Prior inhaled corticosteroids | 25 (15.1) | 104 (22.7) | 0.038 |
| Anti-pneumococcal vaccination | 19 (11.4) | 83 (18.0) | 0.046 |
| Physical examination | |||
| Confusion | 35 (21) | 53 (11.6) | 0.003 |
| Respiratory rate ≥30 breaths·min−1 | 49 (29.5) | 94 (20.8) | 0.024 |
| Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg | 9 (5.5) | 9 (2.0) | 0.022 |
| Analytic parameters | |||
| BUN ≥30 or creatinine ≥1.4 mg·dL−1 | 52 (31.3) | 102 (22.2) | 0.020 |
| Radiology | |||
| Pleural effusion | 34 (20.4) | 65 (14.1) | 0.059 |
| Bacteraemia | 21 (12.6) | 23 (5.0) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. CNS: central nervous system; BUN: serum blood urea nitrogen. #: determined using the Chi-squared test.