Table 2– Linear regression analysis of all 103 subjects with plasma soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) levels as the dependent variable

Analysis	β	se	t-test	p-value	95% CI for β
Univariate
COPD	-0.604	0.088	-6.831	<0.001	-0.780– -0.429
FEV₁ % pred^#	0.457	0.073	6.235	<0.001	0.311–0.602
Ever smoker	-0.486	0.108	-4.508	<0.001	-0.700– -0.272
Cigarette exposure pack-yrs	-0.006	0.001	-4.806	<0.001	-0.009– -0.004
History of cardiovascular disease	-0.232	0.116	-2.001	0.048	-0.463– -0.002
Use of lipid-lowering medication	-0.152	0.081	-1.875	0.064	-0.313– -0.009
Use of inhaled steroids	-0.541	0.091	-5.928	<0.001	-0.722– -0.360
CRP^#	-0.149	0.041	-3.629	<0.001	-0.230– -0.067
SAA^#	-0.134	0.063	-2.131	0.037	-0.259– -0.009
Multivariate
COPD	-0.592	0.105	-5.616	<0.001	-0.803– -0.382

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; CRP: C-reactive protein; SAA: serum amyloid A. ^#: variable was natural log-transformed, as was sRAGE. Only variables with p<0.01 are shown in the table. r² of the multivariate linear regression = 0.327. Adjusted r² = 0.316.