| Phenotype 1 | Phenotype 2 | Phenotype 3 | Phenotype 4 | |
| Subjects | 44 (13.7) | 89 (27.6) | 93 (28.9) | 96 (29.8) |
| Male/female % | 70.4/29.6 | 84.3/15.7 | 74.2/25.8 | 75.0/25.0 |
| Age yrs | 58.0 (55.0–63.0) | 68.0 (60.0–74.0) | 59.0 (50.0–65.0) | 72.5 (67.0–77.0)* |
| Smoking exposure pack-yrs | 39.5 (25.3–50.5) | 40.5 (26.3–54.0) | 37.5 (27.0–50.0) | 45.1 (28.3–72.0)* |
| FEV1 % pred | 31.2 (21.3–37.5) | 68.2 (57.4–75.9) | 46.3 (35.3–60.3) | 42.9 (32.5–63.5) |
| FVC % pred | 63.3 (55.2–83.2) | 88.1 (78.2–99.9) | 81.2 (67.9–91.1) | 77.8 (57.9–91.8) |
| GOLD stage % | ||||
| 1 | 2.2 | 14.6 | 1.1 | 6.2 |
| 2 | 0 | 70.8 | 41.9 | 34.4 |
| 3 | 47.8 | 13.5 | 41.9 | 36.5 |
| 4 | 50.0 | 1.1 | 15.1 | 22.9 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 19.4 (17.7–23.5) | 28.1 (25.2–31.9) | 21.6 (19.0–23.7) | 26.4 (23.7–30.1)* |
| MMRC dyspnoea score | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0)* |
| BOD score | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0)* |
| SGRQ total score | 69.5 (59.8–75.4) | 27.2 (18.6–34.6) | 39.1 (29.2–52.6) | 58.5 (46.8–67.0)* |
| HAD scale | ||||
| Total score | 20.0 (16.5–24.0) | 11.0 (6.0–14.0) | 12.0 (7.0–17.0) | 14.0 (11.0–20.0)* |
| Anxiety score | 12.0 (9.0–13.5) | 6.0 (3.0–8.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 7.5 (5.0–10.5) |
| Depression score | 10.0 (5.5–11.5) | 5.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 7.0 (4.0–10.0)* |
| Exacerbations per patient per yr | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0)* |
| Comorbidities % | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 14.2 | 19.5 | 9.7 | 22.8* |
| Chronic heart failure | 4.7 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 35.6* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.0 | 17.2 | 3.2 | 19.8* |
| Hypertension | 19.1 | 57.5 | 20.4 | 45.7* |
| Inhaled therapy % | ||||
| LABA | 84.1 | 50.6 | 60.2 | 81.2* |
| ICS | 88.6 | 47.1 | 59.1 | 76.0* |
| Tiotropium | 18.1 | 11.2 | 25.8 | 24.0 |
Data are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; BMI: body mass index; MMRC: modified Medical Research Council; BOD score: BMI, obstruction (FEV1 % pred) and dyspnoea (MMRC scale); SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; HAD: hospital anxiety and depression; LABA: long-acting β-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids. *: p<0.05, compared with phenotype 3.