Characteristics of nonsmokers and smokers after lung transplantation
| Nonsmokers | Smokers | p-value | |
| Subjects n | 240 | 27 | |
| Age at LTx yrs | 50 (37–57) | 54 (47–55) | 0.22 |
| Male/female n | 127/113 | 12/15 | 0.44 |
| Type of Tx: B/S/HLTx n | 168/55/17 | 22/4/1 | 0.45 |
| Pre-LTx diagnosis of emphysema (COPD or α1-ATD)/other n | 100/140 | 25/2 | <0.0001 |
| Year of LTx | 2003 (2002–2005) | 2005 (2002–2007) | 0.036 |
| Pre-LTx socioeconomic status# high/low | 100/111 | 7/19 | 0.048 |
| Pre-LTx marital status n | |||
| Currently married/not-married | 150/190 | 13/14 | 0.69 |
| Ever/never divorced | 29/211 | 6/21 | 0.14 |
| Ever/never widowed | 11/229 | 5/22 | 0.004 |
| Pre-LTx alcohol consummation units·week−1 | 1.0±3.0 | 0.7±2.1 | 0.78 |
| Pre-LTx smoking behaviour | |||
| Never/former smokers n | 101/139 | 0/27 | <0.0001 |
| Cigarettes·day−1 | 25 (15–25) | 25 (14–25) | 0.49 |
| Pack-yrs | 30 (16–37) | 25 (14–40) | 0.97 |
| Time between pre-LTx smoking-cessation and LTx yrs | 5.0 (2.0–11.0) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | <0.0001 |
| Post-LTx second-hand tobacco exposure | |||
| Negative/positive n | 157/83 | 5/22 | <0.0001 |
| From relatives/social/work-related contacts n | 67/24/3 | 19/7/0 | 0.85 |
| Time between LTx and assessment of smoking status yrs | 4.0 (2.9–6.2) | 3.4 (1.4–5.8) | 1.00 |
Data are presented as n, median (interquartile range) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Characteristics for nonsmokers (n = 240) and smokers (n = 27) were identified by means of a questionnaire. The p-value was calculated using Mann–Whitney U-test (absolute values) or Fishers’ exact test (proportions). For the current study, we regrouped patients into two socioeconomic levels only: low (unemployed, manual employees, skilled and unskilled workers) and high (nonmanual employees, clerks, professionals, executives, administrators and entrepreneurs). Lung transplant (LTx) recipients who were studying (at middle school, high school or college) when joining the LTx waiting list were excluded for analysis (for nonsmokers 29 out of 240; smokers one out of 26). Tx: transplant; B/S/HLTx: bilateral/single/heart–lung transplantation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; α1-ATD: α1-antitrypsin deficiency. #: Socioeconomic status was assessed by categorising patients according to their previous or current occupation at the moment of listing for LTx, based on the Social Classes of the British Registrar General 5.