Wheeze and eczema in 763 children aged 16–24 months by quartiles of maternal intake of dairy products, calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy
| Variable# | Wheeze | Eczema | ||||
| Cases n | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ | Cases n | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)¶ | |
| Total dairy products | ||||||
| Q1 (43.6) | 50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 43 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (120.8) | 50 | 0.99 (0.63–1.57) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | 22 | 0.45 (0.25–0.77) | 0.45 (0.25–0.81) |
| Q3 (184.5) | 44 | 0.84 (0.52–1.34) | 0.85 (0.52–1.40) | 38 | 0.85 (0.52–1.39) | 0.94 (0.55–1.59) |
| Q4 (280.7) | 25 | 0.42 (0.25–0.71) | 0.45 (0.25–0.79) | 39 | 0.88 (0.54–1.43) | 1.01 (0.59–1.73) |
| p-value for trend | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.89 | 0.50 | ||
| Milk | ||||||
| Q1 (16.1) | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 37 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (77.9) | 51 | 1.14 (0.72–1.81) | 1.28 (0.79–2.10) | 33 | 0.86 (0.51–1.45) | 0.94 (0.54–1.63) |
| Q3 (144.7) | 47 | 1.02 (0.64–1.63) | 1.10 (0.67–1.82) | 35 | 0.93 (0.55–1.55) | 1.12 (0.65–1.94) |
| Q4 (194.0) | 25 | 0.47 (0.27–0.80) | 0.50 (0.28–0.87) | 37 | 0.99 (0.60–1.65) | 1.19 (0.69–2.06) |
| p-value for trend | 0.009 | 0.02 | 0.95 | 0.44 | ||
| Yoghurt | ||||||
| Q1 (4.4) | 39 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (16.9) | 39 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 33 | 0.76 (0.45–1.26) | 0.72 (0.42–1.23) |
| Q3 (40.3) | 51 | 1.41 (0.88–2.28) | 1.76 (1.05–2.98) | 33 | 0.76 (0.45–1.26) | 0.73 (0.42–1.27) |
| Q4 (94.6) | 40 | 1.03 (0.62–1.69) | 1.26 (0.74–2.16) | 35 | 0.82 (0.49–1.35) | 0.79 (0.46–1.37) |
| p-value for trend | 0.58 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.41 | ||
| Cheese | ||||||
| Q1 (0.0) | 58 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 41 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (2.2) | 33 | 0.48 (0.29–0.77) | 0.47 (0.28–0.78) | 38 | 0.90 (0.55–1.48) | 0.79 (0.46–1.34) |
| Q3 (4.5) | 43 | 0.66 (0.42–1.04) | 0.61 (0.37–1.00) | 33 | 0.76 (0.45–1.26) | 0.74 (0.43–1.29) |
| Q4 (12.5) | 35 | 0.51 (0.31–0.82) | 0.51 (0.31–0.85) | 30 | 0.68 (0.40–1.14) | 0.67 (0.38–1.16) |
| p-value for trend | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.16 | ||
| Calcium | ||||||
| Q1 (364.8) | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (481.3) | 51 | 1.14 (0.72–1.81) | 1.23 (0.75–2.03) | 35 | 0.84 (0.51–1.40) | 0.89 (0.52–1.53) |
| Q3 (571.1) | 42 | 0.88 (0.55–1.42) | 1.01 (0.60–1.70) | 27 | 0.62 (0.36–1.05) | 0.66 (0.37–1.18) |
| Q4 (714.4) | 30 | 0.58 (0.35–0.97) | 0.57 (0.32–0.99) | 40 | 0.99 (0.61–1.63) | 1.08 (0.63–1.86) |
| p-value for trend | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.72 | 0.99 | ||
| Vitamin D | ||||||
| Q1 (3.5) | 53 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (5.1) | 30 | 0.48 (0.29–0.79) | 0.48 (0.28–0.80) | 31 | 0.61 (0.36–1.004) | 0.63 (0.37–1.09) |
| Q3 (6.4) | 44 | 0.77 (0.49–1.23) | 0.80 (0.49–1.31) | 29 | 0.56 (0.33–0.93) | 0.59 (0.34–1.02) |
| Q4 (9.1) | 42 | 0.73 (0.46–1.16) | 0.69 (0.42–1.14) | 36 | 0.73 (0.44–1.19) | 0.67 (0.39–1.13) |
| p-value for trend | 0.44 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.13 | ||
#: quartile medians in g·day–1, except for calcium (mg·day–1) and vitamin D (μg·day–1); adjusted energy intake using the residual method are given in parentheses; ¶: adjustment for maternal age, gestation at baseline, residential municipality at baseline, family income, maternal and paternal education, maternal and paternal history of asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis, changes in maternal diet in the previous 1 month, season when data at baseline were collected, maternal smoking during pregnancy, older siblings, sex, birth weight, household smoking in same room, breastfeeding duration and age at third survey.