Demographic | All | Had action | No action | p-value |
Participants n | 178 | 45 | 133 | |
Age yrs | 69.6±8.5 | 71.2±7.2 | 68.8±8.8 | 0.03 |
Male | 82 (46) | 20 (44) | 62 (47) | ns |
Marital status | ||||
Never married | 11 (6) | 4 (9) | 7 (5) | |
Married | 107 (60) | 26 (58) | 81 (61) | ns |
Widowed/divorced | 60 (34) | 15 (33) | 45 (34) | |
Lives alone | 61 (34) | 18 (40) | 43 (32) | ns |
Smoker# | 64 (38) | 14 (32) | 50 (41) | ns |
Carstairs deprivation score | -0.29 (2.9) | -0.32 (3.0) | -0.49 (2.7) | 0.10 |
Clinical and health status | ||||
FEV1 L | 1.03±0.46 | 1.05±0.49 | 1.02±0.46 | ns |
FEV1 % pred | 41.6±17.4 | 43.5±18.0 | 41.0±17.2 | ns |
FVC L | 2.17±0.77 | 2.15±0.77 | 2.17±0.76 | ns |
FVC % pred | 59.0±18.4 | 59.0±18.8 | 59.0±18.3 | ns |
COPD prior admissions¶ | 1.15±1.1 | 0.9±0.9 | 1.23±1.1 | 0.06 |
SGRQ symptoms | 75.8±17.3 | 72.4±16.8 | 77±17.4 | 0.13 |
SGRQ activity limitation | 83.4±17.7 | 86.3±12.5 | 82.4±19.0 | 0.12 |
SGRQ impact | 56.1±21.8 | 58.3±20.7 | 55.4±22.2 | ns |
SGRQ total score | 67.5±17.8 | 68.9±15.2 | 67±18.6 | ns |
VAS | 4.8±1.8 | 4.6±1.7 | 4.9±1.8 | ns |
EQ-5D | 53±24.8 | 53.3±22.4 | 52.9±25.6 | ns |
Housing | ||||
Social housing | 75 (42) | 18 (40) | 57 (43) | ns |
Central heating | 150 (84) | 10 (22) | 18 (14) | ns |
Energy efficiency (NHER) | 5.3 (1.8) | 4.8 (2.1) | 5.5 (1.7) | 0.03 |
EAFC £ | 594 (309) | 705 (417) | 557 (253) | 0.03 |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. ns: nonsignificant; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; VAS: visual analogue scale; NHER: National Home Energy Rating; EAFC: estimated annual fuel costs to heat according to housing guidelines. #: 11 participants had no saliva for cotinine analyses; ¶: admissions in 12 months prior to entry to study.