Cytokine functional group | Cytokine | Sarcoidosis | Scleroderma |
Innate immunity | IL-1β | + | + |
IL-6 | + | + | |
IL-8 | + | + | |
TNF-RI | + | + | |
TNF-RII | ++ | + | |
IFN-α | + | ||
IL-12 p40 | + | + | |
IL-15 | + | + | |
Adaptive immunity | |||
T regulatory | IL-10 | ++ | |
Th17 | IL-17 | ++ | |
Chemokines | |||
Th1 CXCR3 ligands | IP-10 | + | + |
MIG | + | + | |
Th1 CCR5 ligands | MIP-1α | + | + |
MIP-1β | + | + | |
RANTES | ++ | ||
Th2 CCR2 | MCP-1 | ++ | |
Th2 CCR3 | Eotaxin | +# | |
Growth factors | HGF | + | + |
EGF | + | + | |
Apoptosis | DR5 | + | + |
The table profiles serum concentrations of all identified differentially expressed biomarkers in sarcoidosis and scleroderma, classified according to their predominant immune function. Th: T helper cell; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; IP: interferon-inducible protein; MIG: monokine induced by interferon-γ; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; RANTES: regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; MCP: monocyte chemotactic protein; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; EGF: epidermal growth factor; DR: death receptor. +: median serum concentration was significantly higher than the healthy control population. ++: median serum concentration was significantly higher than the healthy control population and the other disease group; #: in untreated patients only.