Table 3—

Lung function, breathing pattern and impedance data at 5 Hz for patients who were nonflow-limited (non-FL) at baseline and patients who were FL

	Non-FL at baseline		p-value	FL at baseline		p-value	Non-FL versus FL p-value^#
	Pre-BD	Post-BD		Pre-BD	Post-BD
FEV₁
L	1.27±0.43	1.47±0.53	<0.001	0.95±0.27	1.14±0.30	<0.001	0.007
% pred	47.89±14.55	54.72±17.34	<0.001	36.10±10.07	43.15±11.89	<0.001	0.004
FEV₁/FVC %	50.27±10.59	50.36±11.52	0.504	43.00±9.81	41.90±10.24	0.380	0.027
FVC
L	2.54±0.70	2.91±0.77	<0.001	2.28±0.65	2.80±0.77	<0.001	0.213
% pred	73.22±14.64	83.26±13.86	<0.001	63.70±12.32	78.60±16.38	<0.001	0.029
SVC
L	2.61±0.72	2.90±0.83	<0.001	2.59±0.70	2.99±0.84	<0.001	0.943
% pred	74.47±13.56	82.77±16.16	<0.001	71.40±11.68	82.80±16.94	<0.001	0.439
IC
L	1.85±0.53	2.01±0.66	<0.001	1.86±0.53	2.18±0.59	<0.001	0.969
% pred	75.72±18.47	81.04±19.28	<0.001	69.90±17.28	82.00±19.02	<0.001	0.299
RV
L	4.29±1.21	4.02±0.98	<0.001	5.40±1.18	5.04±1.10	0.020	0.004
% pred	216.81±57.88	203.69±46.28	<0.001	255.00±54.92	238.11±50.72	0.015	0.035
TGV
L	5.16±1.33	4.93±1.24	<0.001	6.14±1.49	5.84±1.39	0.019	0.030
% pred	172.53±33.05	164.73±31.44	<0.001	197.65±35.64	188.28±33.75	0.019	0.023
TLC
L	7.02±1.66	6.97±1.61	0.261	7.99±1.67	7.97±1.57	0.747	0.070
% pred	125.46±19.76	124.48±17.33	0.184	138.65±18.38	137.94±15.73	0.703	0.031
5 Hz
R̄_insp	4.4±1.2	3.8±1.5	0.014	5.8±1.8	4.6±1.3	<0.001	0.005
R̄_exp	5.4±1.5	4.9±1.6	0.032	7.0±3.0	6.9±3.3	0.511	0.038
R̄_tot	5.0±1.4	4.5±1.5	0.024	6.6±2.5	6.1±2.6	0.020	0.013
Z_rs
X̄_insp	-1.7±0.9	-1.5±1.1	0.318	-3.1±1.0	-2.2±1.1	<0.001	<0.001
X̄_exp	-2.1±1.4	-2.0±1.7	0.601	-8.8±3.5	-5.8±3.4	<0.001	<0.001
X̄_tot	-1.9±1.2	-1.8±1.5	0.527	-6.8±2.9	-4.6±2.6	<0.001	<0.001
ΔX̄_rs	0.4±0.7	0.4±0.8	0.860	5.7±3.0	3.7±2.7	0.002	<0.001
R̄₅–R̄₁₉	1.2±0.7	0.8±0.9	0.019	2.5±0.7	1.6±0.6	<0.001	<0.001

Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. Impedance data (R and X) are expressed as cmH₂O·s^-1·L^-1. BD: bronchodilator; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; SVC: slow vital capacity; IC: inspiratory capacity; RV: residual volume; TGV: thoracic gas volume; TLC: total lung capacity; Z_rs: within-breath respiratory system input impedance; R̄_insp: mean inspiration resistance; R̄_exp: mean expiration resistance; R̄_tot: mean whole breath resistance; X̄_insp: mean reactance during inspiration; X̄_exp; mean reactance during expiration: X̄_tot: mean total reactance ; ΔX̄_rs: mean difference in reactance; R̄₅–R̄₁₉: mean difference in resistances at 5 and 19 Hz. ^#: the p-values are reported for the paired comparison pre- and post-BD in each group and for the unpaired comparison between non-FL and FL at baseline. All values in bold are statistically significant.