Dietary patterns and frequent asthma attacks in asthmatic females
| Intake | p-value# | |||
| Low (tertile 1) | Moderate (tertile 2) | High (tertile 3) | ||
| Prudent pattern | ||||
| All | ||||
| Asthmatics with frequent asthma attacks/asthmatics with non-frequent asthma attacks | 81/260 | 49/257 | 76/269 | |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)¶ | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.43–0.97) | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) | 0.5 |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)+ | 1.00 | 0.60 (0.37–0.98) | 1.01 (0.65–1.57) | 0.9 |
| Without supplement use in 2003 | ||||
| Asthmatics with frequent asthma attacks/asthmatics with non-frequent asthma attacks | 48/145 | 28/160 | 37/148 | |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)¶ | 1.00 | 0.59 (0.35–1.00) | 0.84 (0.50–1.39) | 0.4 |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 | 0.46 (0.24–0.89) | 0.79 (0.44–1.44) | 0.5 |
| Western pattern | ||||
| All | ||||
| Asthmatics with frequent asthma attacks/ asthmatics with non-frequent asthma attacks | 67/256 | 62/253 | 77/277 | |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)¶ | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.60–1.38) | 1.12 (0.71–1.77) | 0.6 |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)+ | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.68–1.80) | 1.08 (0.62–1.87) | 0.8 |
| Without multivitamin supplement use in 2003 | ||||
| Asthmatics with frequent asthma attacks/ asthmatics with non-frequent asthma attacks | 37/154 | 31/142 | 45/157 | |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)¶ | 1.00 | 1.25 (0.94–1.85) | 1.56 (1.01–2.83) | 0.03 |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 | 1.45 (0.96–2.83) | 1.79 (1.11–3.73) | 0.01 |
| Nuts and wine pattern | ||||
| All | ||||
| Asthmatics with frequent asthma attacks/ asthmatics with non-frequent asthma attacks | 82/251 | 63/231 | 61/304 | |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)¶ | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.60–1.29) | 0.61 (0.42–0.91) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)+ | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.52–1.44) | 0.65 (0.31–0.96) | 0.02 |
| Without multivitamin supplement use in 2003 | ||||
| Asthmatics with frequent asthma attacks/asthmatics with non- frequent asthma attacks | 45/139 | 38/129 | 30/185 | |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)¶ | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.56–1.54) | 0.51 (0.30–0.87) | 0.01 |
| Multivariate OR (95% CI)§ | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.44–1.42) | 0.58 (0.27–0.95) | 0.03 |
Data are presented as n, unless otherwise stated. The reference category is based on the lowest category of intake. Diet was assessed in 1993 and the frequency of asthma attacks was assessed in 2003. Among the 992 current asthmatics assessed, 206 had frequent asthma attacks and 786 had no frequent asthma attacks. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. #: for trend. Based on each intake category and modelling these as continuous variables in a logistic regression. ¶: logistic regressions adjusted for age, caloric intake and body mass index (BMI). +: logistic regressions adjusted for age, caloric intake, BMI, tobacco consumption, physical activity, menopausal status, education and multivitamin supplements use. §: logistic regressions adjusted for age, caloric intake, BMI, tobacco consumption, physical activity, education and menopausal status.