Results of univariate analysis of the risk factors contributing to the development of acute respiratory failure(ARF) and mortality in patients with miliary tuberculosis (MTB)
| Variables | Comparison by presence of ARF | Comparison by fatality | ||||
| Without ARF | With ARF | p-value | Survivors | Nonsurvivors | p-value | |
| Patients n | 42 | 14 | 46 | 10 | ||
| Clinical presentation | ||||||
| Sex M/F | 24/18 | 8/6 | >0.999 | 25/21 | 7/3 | 0.489 |
| Age yrs | 48.7±23.0 | 61.3±18.4 | 0.069 | 49.9±22.9 | 61.1±18.0 | 0.153 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 19.6±2.69 | 18.8±2.3 | 0.315 | 19.7±2.5 | 17.7±2.5 | 0.038 |
| Predisposing medical disease | 8 (19.0) | 1 (7.1) | 0.424 | 8 (17.4) | 1 (10.0) | >0.999 |
| Incorrect initial assessment# | 3 (7.1) | 5 (35.7) | 0.018 | 6 (13.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0.623 |
| Mortality | 3 (7.1) | 7 (50.0) | 0.001 | |||
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| Positive AFB smear or culture | 20 (50.0)§ | 11 (78.6) | 0.115 | 23 (52.3)§ | 8 (80.0) | 0.161 |
| Haemoglobin g·L−1 | 118.0±18.9 | 111.4±27.6 | 0.323 | 116.5±18.6 | 115.8±32.2 | 0.950 |
| Total lymphocytes ×105 cells·L−1 | 13.1±11.9 | 5.8±3.0 | 0.001 | 12.8±11.4 | 4.7±2.7 | 0.032 |
| CRP g·L−1 | 0.075±0.083 | 0.147±0.10 | 0.012 | 0.096±0.095 | 0.093±0.08 | 0.942 |
| Cholesterol mmol·L−1 | 3.65±1.07 | 2.65±1.34 | 0.006 | 3.60±1.14 | 2.48±1.15 | 0.007 |
| Albumin g·L−1 | 32.0±6.8 | 26.6±5.7 | 0.009 | 31.8±6.4 | 25.4±6.8 | 0.007 |
| Serum sodium mmol·L−1 | 134.5±5.3 | 130.2±5.7 | 0.012 | 134.3±5.2 | 128.5±6.1 | 0.013 |
| Elevated transaminase¶ | 9 (21.4) | 2 (14.3) | 0.440 | 8 (17.4) | 3 (30.0) | 0.304 |
| Response to anti-TB medication+ | ||||||
| Duration of anti-TB medication months | 14.3±5.3 | 17.5±5.9 | 0.279 | |||
| Time to smear negative after initiation of treatment days | 40.8±79.9 | 39.3±26.4 | 0.975 | |||
| Time to culture negative after initiation of treatment days | 37.2±70.1 | 25.5±18.9 | 0.696 | |||
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. M: male; F: female; BMI: body mass index; AFB: acid-fast bacilli; CRP: C-reactive protein; TB: tuberculosis. #: diagnosed with non-MTB diseases at the time of hospitalisation, based on simple chest radiography without full clinical data; five patients with community-acquired pneumonia and three patients with pulmonary oedema. ¶: aspartate aminotransferase >40 IU·L−1 or alanine aminotransferase >40 IU·L−1. +: data derived from patients who had completed expected anti-TB medication. §: data not available for two patients.