Patients n | Data | |
Increased/recent symptoms | 791 | |
Dyspnoea | 99.2 | |
Cough | 78.1 | |
Expectoration | 59.7 | |
Sputum purulence | 42.6 | |
mMRC dyspnoea grade at entry | 741 | 4.2±1.1 |
0–1 | 2.8 | |
2–3 | 19.6 | |
4–5 | 77.6 | |
Signs of severity | 793 | |
Cyanosis | 29.0 | |
Neurological impairment | 11.0 | |
Lower limb oedema | 23.3 | |
Asterixis | 7.8 | |
Use of accessory inspiratory muscles | 50.9 | |
Expiratory use of abdominal muscles | 37.8 | |
Signs from clinical severity index | 793 | |
0 | 27.6 | |
1–2 | 47.7 | |
≥3 | 24.7 | |
Cardiac frequency beats·min−1 | 785 | 98.5±19.8 |
Respiratory frequency breaths·min−1 | 706 | 26.9±7.2 |
Arterial blood pressure mmHg | 752 | 144±28/78±16 |
Peak expiratory flow rate | 767 | |
Measurement | 16.9 | |
Result L·min−1 | 185.1±84.9 | |
Treatments | 789 | |
β2-agonists | 89.2 | |
Anticholinergic agents | 80.1 | |
Inhaled corticosteroids | 6.7 | |
Systemic corticosteroids | 45.5 | |
Oxygen therapy | 82.8 | |
Length of stay in the ED h | 667 | 11.8±14.1 |
Data are presented as mean±sd or percentage. mMRC: modified UK Medical Research Council; ED: emergency department. 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa.