Children's health outcomes and demographic characteristics
| Study | Total | |||
| LISA | GINI nonintervention | GINI intervention | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1586/3097 (51.2) | 1441/2814 (51.2) | 1173/2252 (52.1) | 4200/8163 (51.5) |
| Female | 1511/3097 (48.8) | 1373/2814 (48.8) | 1079/2252 (47.9) | 3963/8163 (48.6) |
| Sensitisation at age 6 yrs | ||||
| To dog allergen | 49/1193 (4.1) | 43/945 (4.6) | 64/1017 (6.3) | 156/3155 (4.9) |
| To mixed pollen | 221/1193 (18.5) | 182/945 (19.3) | 238/1017 (23.4) | 641/3155 (20.3) |
| Inhalant allergens | 318/1193 (26.7) | 257/945 (27.2) | 335/1017 (32.9) | 910/3155 (28.8) |
| Doctor diagnosed allergic disease | ||||
| Eczema | ||||
| Age 4 yrs | 229/2362 (9.7) | 181/2379 (7.6) | 193/1598 (12.1) | 603/6339 (9.5) |
| Age 5 yrs | 212/2179 (9.7) | 177/2175 (8.1) | 196/1663 (11.8) | 585/6017 (9.7) |
| Age 6 yrs | 187/2171 (8.6) | 156/2083 (7.5) | 171/1632 (10.5) | 514/5886 (8.7) |
| Allergic Rhinitis | ||||
| Age 4 yrs | 56/2353 (2.4) | 50/2378 (2.1) | 66/1601 (4.1) | 172/6332 (2.7) |
| Age 5 yrs | 90/2174 (4.1) | 66/2179 (3.0) | 120/1659 (7.2) | 276/6012 (4.6) |
| Age 6 yrs | 126/2165 (5.8) | 77/2085 (3.7) | 137/1632 (8.4) | 340/5882 (5.8) |
| Asthma | ||||
| Age 4 yrs | 23/2349 (1.0) | 20/2383 (0.8) | 32/1597 (2.0) | 75/6329 (1.2) |
| Age 5 yrs | 48/2173 (2.2) | 34/2176 (1.6) | 49/1664 (2.9) | 131/6013 (2.2) |
| Age 6 yrs | 45/2169 (2.1) | 34/2088 (1.6) | 53/1634 (3.2) | 132/5891 (2.2) |
| Study centre (all Germany) | ||||
| Munich | 1467/3097 (47.4) | 1784/3739 (47.7) | 1165/2252 (51.7) | 4416/9088 (48.6) |
| Leipzig | 976/3097 (31.5) | 976/9088 (10.7) | ||
| Wesel | 348/3097 (11.2) | 1955/3739 (52.3) | 1087/2252 (48.3) | 3390/9088 (37.3) |
| Bad Honnef | 306/3097 (9.9) | 306/9088 (3.4) | ||
| Parents history of asthma, eczema or hay fever | 1585/2857 (55.5) | 940/3656 (25.7) | 2006/2241 (89.5) | 4531/8754 (51.8) |
| Parental educational level# | ||||
| High | 1966/3060 (64.3) | 1984/3706 (53.5) | 1432/2241 (63.9) | 5382/9007 (59.8) |
| Medium | 906/3060 (29.6) | 1136/3706 (30.7) | 614/2241 (27.4) | 2656/9007 (29.5) |
| Low | 188/3060 (6.1) | 586/3706 (15.8) | 195/2241 (8.7) | 969/9007 (10.8) |
| Environmental tobacco smoke at home up to age 6 yrs | 1049/2427 (43.2) | 1265/2425 (52.2) | 845/1657 (51) | 3070/6498 (47.3) |
Data are presented as n/N (%), where n is the number of positive results and N is the total number tested. LISA: Influences of Lifestyle Related Factors on the Human Immune System and Development of Allergies in Childhood; GINI: German Infant Nutritional Intervention Programme. #: categorised according to the German educational system as less than, equal to and more than grade 10 for high, medium and low, respectively; the highest education level from the parents was recorded.