Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
| Variables# | OR (95% CI) | p-value¶ |
| Smoking pack-yrs | 0.006 | |
| 0 | 1 | |
| ≤150 | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | |
| >150 | 1.46 (1.14–1.86) | |
| Sudden temperature changes at work last 3 months | 2.64 (1.67–4.15) | <0.001 |
| Usual contact with children aged <15 yrs at home or work | 1.48 (1.20–1.82) | <0.001 |
| Civil status | 0.021 | |
| Married or living with partner | 1 | |
| Single, widowed or divorced | 1.28 (1.04–1.59) | |
| Hospital admission in last 5 yrs | 1.39 (1.14–1.70) | 0.001 |
| Upper respiratory tract infections in last month | 2.28 (1.81–2.89) | <0.001 |
| Number of previous CAP confirmed by chest radiography | 1.48 (1.17–1.87) | 0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 1.81 (1.19–2.75) | 0.006 |
| Asthma | 1.67 (1.28–2.19) | <0.001 |
| Epilepsy | 5.95 (1.62–21.74) | 0.007 |
| Visit to dentist in last month | 0.69 (0.50–0.95) | 0.022 |
| Oxygen therapy in last year | 2.42 (1.16–5.05) | 0.018 |
| Use of inhalers with or without plastic pear-spacers | 1.57 (1.04–2.38) | 0.031 |
| Treatment for heart failure+ | ||
| Amiodarone | 3.27 (1.31–8.13) | 0.011 |
| Heart failure | 1.68 (1.22–2.32) | 0.001 |
| Treatment for respiratory diseases§ | ||
| N-acetylcysteine | 2.59 (1.15–5.83) | 0.021 |
| Use of inhalers with or without plastic pear-spacers | 1.44 (1.02–2.04) | 0.038 |
| Oxygen therapy | 2.08 (1.16–3.73) | 0.014 |
| Asthma | 1.85 (1.49–2.29) | <0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 1.84 (1.32–2.59) | <0.001 |
| Influenza vaccineƒ | ||
| Heart failure | 1.48 (1.05–2.07) | 0.024 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 3.14 (2.55–4.18) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 2.05 (1.64–2.56) | <0.001 |
| HIV infection | 7.96 (1.81–35.1) | 0.006 |
| Oral steroids | 2.22 (1.12–4.37) | 0.022 |
| Influenza vaccine | 0.81 (0.68–0.96) | 0.014 |
| Pneumococcal vaccine## | ||
| Heart failure | 1.43 (1.01–2.03) | 0.046 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 3.16 (2.36–4.24) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 2.20 (1.75–2.77) | <0.001 |
| HIV infection | 8.99 (1.98–40.8) | 0.004 |
| Oral steroids | 2.20 (1.07–4.50) | 0.031 |
| Radiation therapy or chemotherapy | 2.73 (0.97–7.65) | 0.05 |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 0.54 (0.36–0.81) | 0.003 |
Data are from multivariate analysis. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. #: variables with p<0.10 detailed in tables 1⇑, 2⇑ and 3⇑ were included; ¶: the Wald Chi-squared test was used; +: variables included in the model: digoxin, amiodarone, diuretics and heart failure; §: variables included in the model: N-acetylcysteine, oral steroids, use of inhalers with or without plastic pear-spacers, xanthines, oxygen therapy, asthma and chronic bronchitis; ƒ: variables included in the model: heart failure, chronic bronchitis, asthma, diabetes, renal failure, chronic liver disease, HIV infection, oral steroids, radiation therapy or chemotherapy and influenza vaccine; ##: variables included in the model: heart failure, chronic bronchitis, asthma, diabetes, renal failure, chronic liver disease, HIV infection, oral steroids, radiation therapy or chemotherapy and pneumococcal vaccine.